| | bates Ne eas Ty alle Sd P&R ORCHIDS We're just off the Highway halfway between Brisbane and Sydney. Turn into Port Macquarie at the Oxley Highway Overpass. We are only 4km on the right at the corner of Phillip Charley Drive and the Oxley Highway. KKK We stock a wide range of orchid species and hybrids. Lycaste, Dendrobium, Oncidium and Catts. The latest Paphiopedilium breeding from around the world is always on sale. Some rarely available Paph. species will soon be released. Send us your wish list as many plants not listed are available in small numbers. KKK For your FREE LISTS, write, phone, email or just drop in and see for yourself. Open 8am to 4pm. We are closed Sundays and Public Holidays. KIRK Ph: 02 6581 3061 Fax: 02 6581 0907 e-mail prorchid@tsn.cc PO Box 5113 PORT MACQUARIE NSW 2444 www.prorchids.com From the Editor’s Desk R= Parsons from California has been visiting Australia annually over the past few years, photographing our native orchids in the wild, and lecturing to a number of our orchid societies. He will be one of our over- seas lecturers for the next Australian Orchid Conference to be held at Port Macquarie in July 2006. Ron has a vast collection of the highest quality orchid slides and superb knowledge to match them. In this issue, Ron invites us into the bizarre world of the Pleurothallids. Some of these images have to be seen to be believed! Watch out for the faces looking at you as you browse the pages. We welcome Eric Christenson and Marni Turkel as contributors to the AOR. They have both been well published in the USA. Marni has an amaz- ing and imposing species orchid collection, mostly of cool growing and miniature taxa, and she grows her plants so well! Eric is a well-known orchid taxonomist who has described numerous orchid species, primarily of South American origin. In this issue they discuss a seldom seen terres- trial species from Ecuador. In an upcoming issue, look out for Eric’s revi- sion of the genus Barkeria. Jim Cootes provides readers with notes on a couple of charming Southeast Asian species, in Liparis compressa and the fuzzy Bulbophyllum lindleyanum. Jim’s articles are always interesting, and his cultural advice comes from first hand experience. Slipper orchid enthusiasts will be pleased to see a couple of articles devoted to these plants with the highly modified labellums. It is great to see Dr Guido Braem return (with co-author Sandy Ohlund) with a note on the long petalled Phragmipedium caudatum and related species. The next issue will see an extensive illustrated article on this popular genus. My father, Graeme Banks, also gives an insight into his thoughts regarding complex Paphiopedilum breeding. I recently attended the Melbourne Orchid Spectacular that is held annu- ally at Collectors Corner / Gardenworld, which features the main annual orchid show under the umbrella of OSCOV (The Orchid Societies Council of Victoria). This year it didn’t clash with the St Ives Orchid Fair, so I was able to attend. It was one of the finest orchid shows I have seen in Australia, and I’m sure they can now boast Australia’s largest orchid show. It just goes to show what can be achieved when people work together with a common interest and use their energies in a positive manner. Regardless of what some detractors think, OSCOV has triumphantly implemented the blue- print for successful orchid promotion in both taking the orchids to the pub- lic and acknowledging and rewarding their members, state-wide, with classy awards. A full report will appear in the next issue. It is always very sad to report the passing of people associated with our hobby. John Gulbis, founder of the world-renowned Cecil Park Orchids (with wife Melita) recently passed away. I have known the Gulbis’s since I was about 7 years of age, through my family’s involvement with the Parramatta and District Orchid Society. The societies Christmas Parties and various workshops (organised by Alan Merriman, who worked there for many years) were always held at their production nursery at Cecil Park. They were great and memorable days. John, a quite achiever, was one of Australia’s finest Cymbidium hybridists, specialising in early flowering strains targeted for the export flower market. The Gulbis’s generosity was well known, as they assisted many orchid societies in their region. Our sin- cere sympathies go out to Melita and the extended Gulbis family. a David P. Banks Editor, Australian Orchid Review dpbanks @ozemail.com.au The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 OUR COVER Grand Champion and Champion Intermediate of the 2004 National Cymbidium Show was David Wain’s flowering of Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Photo: Rob Smith. Full details on page 42. SQUARE VANDA POTS 165mm x 165mm x 80mm 100mm x 100mm x 60mm BASKET POTS 200mm x 130mm 140mm x 100mm 80mm x 75mm ROWERS STRIvy, ¢ USIVEG NG Fo, EL OAL Or R ow GRanp CHAMP! ORCHID POTS 120mm x 120mm 100mm x 75mm 80mm x 100mm 80mm x 65mm 70mm x 50mm 50mm x 65mm 300mm x 120mm 250mm x 150mm 200mm x 200mm 200mm x 100mm 175mm x 120mm 150mm x 100mm 125mm x 75mm 21 Jambali Road, Port Macquarie, NSW 2444 Australia Phone: (02) 6581 1735 Website: port.tsn.cc/business/orchidpotco/ Fax: (02) 6581 1736 Email: orchidpotco@tsn.cc October/November 2004 Volume 69 — No.5 CONTENTS Features: A Plethora of Pleurothallids ........c cc sccceeesessseseeteseseens Ron Parsons 4 Ponthieva tunguraguaé....... ..Eric Christenson & Marni Turkel 16 LI DArISICOMPICSSA meena tetas atn re erent rer tia aert Jim Cootes 18 A Language Trap — Phragmipedium caudatum, P. warszewiczianum, P humboldtii....cc cece Dr. Guido J. Braem & Sandy Ohlund 19 Complex Paphiopedilum Breeding............. Graeme S. Banks OAM 22 Bulbophyllum liNGle YAN .....ccccccccececee esses ences Jim Cootes 23 Sphagnum Moss as a Potting Medium ........... cee Brian Milligan 25 ValenUOOO\GUIDIS pemseeermnee re ene aanuree ..Alan Merriman 26 Rare Orchid?ZoneiBlastedii eve eseaestscssstssceisens Danny Rose 26 COldmisiNewAgainiwamvramiantiancesen tater tye Joan Burke 26 Mick Keith — Townsville’s 2004 Australia Day Achievement AWard......ccccesseccccetectesteenererneens Thelma Keith 27 Stawell Orchid Society... ...Barbara Welsh 27 Chocolate Drop Wins First Winter Show.............0 Maurice Lawson 28 A Moment in Orchid History — Dr. P. S. Lavarack........c0 J. Nuss 28 cS APN ETERS TE OH SOT | Featuring Cymbidiums: “Cymbidiums Australia” compiled by the Australian Cymbidium Society EdijtorsiBeporivsnvassrncciaiiermiri ern eat nr ere raht A How to join a Cymbidium Club ......... The 2004 National Cymbidium Show . Award of Recognition - Kevin Black ........... Bob Battye & Rob Smith 49 A Look at Cymbidium devonianum — More observations by an amatuer oo... ccceceeeeees Grant Cole 50 Valepuoel Donald ienaiirnmanisnt sre stave The WA Orchid Community 56 Cymbidiums at the 2004 Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular Orchid Fever Carolin Allen 57 .... Graham Clark 61 Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Regular F a Atel From the Editor's Des oval Botanic. Gani, een) 14 2 j aPacus” | New Orchid oles beeseenvesiten } Melbourn » ae) Gull MSS cd acts seerrirarier tuner vente Wiataee re fe 37 SHOWCatCS aearen taieen eens 99. nt pesepeotr eerie ive ieyetre Ibs GP é sveip & Advertiser's INd@X.......... Bel 2004 friboetitted f... 63 Buyer's Guide...f......... pitino mci eo Prarh frememnca rater Ee 63 i a 's On! T... LRQup...A.. Sco arts f.. Orchid Events —}What's Onlf... RA R v { 63 Editorial copy: Articles for publication and consideration should be sent to: AOR Editor, David P. Banks, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049 All other correspondence to: AOR Publisher, Graphic World, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049. Advertisers: Deadline for advertising copy for the December 04/January 2005 issue is Wednesday, 10 November, 2004. All advertising bookings and enquiries should be directed to Barry Badger. Phone: (02) 9560 6166. Fax (02) 9564 0516. Email: bbadger@graphicworld.com.au Subscriptions: See insert for Subscription information. _ Lepanthopsis floripecten The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 by Ron Parsons The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 200 “What...that’s an orchid?!” is probably the most commonly uttered phrase when someone sees one of the many Pleurothallids for the first time. The flowers of the more than four thousand species in this group are some of the most unusual of the orchid family. They range in size from flowers the size of a pinhead to 40 cm long in the larger Masdevallias and Draculas. There are thirty plus genera in the Pleurothallidinae, each stranger than the next. They are a New World group found from southern Florida into islands of the Caribbean, and from Mexico through Central America and into a large part of South America. An interesting calculation is that there are 25,000-35 ,000 species of orchids, and that means that approximately one out of every 6 to 9 species of orchid is a Pleurothallid! The plants themselves can be easy to grow with the right con- ditions, though some are downright difficult if not impossible. The majority of species come from mid to high elevations, requir- ing a cool-intermediate to cool greenhouse, say best kept at a 10 degree Centigrade minimum, but there are many intermediate to warm growing species too. For the most part the group as a whole requires moist, humid conditions since they lack storage capabil- ities other than the thickened, leathery leaves of some species. There are so many species that it is beyond this article to go into specifics, but there is more information out there in books, magazines, online, etc. than ever before. I will just mention a lit- tle of how and what I grow. I live near San Francisco, California in acool area with lots of fog. I have a “light garden” in my garage under the house and grow various Masdevallias, Restrepias, Pleurothallis, etc with temperatures between 12-24 degrees C. These plants are under grow lamps, with 14 hours of light per day. I also have an unheated greenhouse in an area where temps fluc- tuate between 5 and 35 degrees C where I grow lots of Restrepia, and some Zootrophion, Stelis, Pleurothallis, Barbosella, etc. Now I would like to share some of my photos of these amaz- ing plants: Pleurothallis palliolata — This 22-25cm plant from Panama has one to three 2.5cm flowers that sit right on the elongated heart- shaped leaf. It seems to want to bloom in the first months of win- ter, and can cover itself with flowers. The plant can grow some- what quickly and usually has many adventitious plantlets that form on the leaves. Pleurothallis palliolata Pleurothallis amparoana Pleurothallis amparoana — “The Fuzzy Toilet-Bowl” is a very cute species. The 15-20 cm inflorescence carries 15 or so flow- ers, and rises out of the base of the 15-17cm linear leaves. The species is from Costa Rica and seems to prefer intermediate temps of down to 12 degrees C, and is a very easy species to grow. Pleurothallis johnsonii — This species holds a unique position in the genus in that evidently it is the only one that may bloom from the rhizome. All of the other 1500-1800 species bloom from the base of the leaf. The species is from the state of Chiapas in Mexico, and into Guatemala. The plant has largish 20-30cm Pleurothallis johnsonii Porroglossum josei leaves that are broad and leathery, and the flowers are about 2-m long and hang in pendent clusters. The plant is best grown in a basket or on a mount, and although the plant is supposed to need intermediate conditions I know of plants that take down to 5 degrees C. Porroglossum josei— This Ecuadorian species has been collected only once, and from what I understand only one plant was found. The genus Porroglossum holds about 25 or so species and is one of only three genera of Pleurothallids that have a sensitive ‘trig- ger’ lip. The insect pollinator lands on the labellum and it snaps Porroglossum eduardii Dresslerella sp. upwards to trap the insect with the column (and it’s pollen). The species is named for Jose ‘Pepe’ Portilla of ‘Ecuagenera Orchids’ in Ecuador. The leaves are about 7-8cm long with a taller spike that flowers sequentially with 2cm blooms. Porroglossum eduardii — This unique species is known from only one valley in southwest Colombia. For many years people grew this species but no one seemed able to bloom it. It has beautifully textured 5cm leaves that are spaced quite widely along a running rhizome, and it is my belief that it wasn’t until these plants grew larger and were able to run freely (often through neighbouring Dresslerella sp. (Restrepia-like) Restrepia brachypus plants) that they started to bloom. I saw my first example of this species only a few years ago and have now seen several examples in bloom. The spike is taller than the plant, about 15-25cm, and can have 2 or 3 bright red-orange 2cm flowers open simultane- ously. Dresslerella hirsutissima — This very cute species is one that I had wanted for many years before finally obtaining it. It belongs to a genus of about 10 species that are found in Central America into northwest South America. The plants are usually fuzzy- leaved and have somewhat succulent leaves. This species has 3- Restrepia chocoensis Restrepia chameleon 4cm smooth, grey-green leaves with dense purple pigment spot- ting on the underside, and the 15-18mm fuzzy flowers are some- what cupped. It grows quite well mounted and enjoys cool tem- peratures of 10 degrees C minimum. Dresslerella sp. — This Ecuadorian species with its red slipper- like flower is one of two unidentified species of Dresslerella shown here. The plant has 8-10cm pendent leaves with the single 2.5cm flower resting at the base of the leaf. It was growing in a cool greenhouse belonging to Andy Phillips of Andy’s Orchids in Encinitas, California. Myoxanthus punctatus Masdevallia caudivolvula Dresslerella sp. — Another Ecuadorian species, this plant was obtained by a friend of mine from “Ecuagenera Orchids’ several years ago but is apparently still unnamed. It has 4-Scm greyish- green leaves (it actually looks like a D. hirsutissima plant, but larger) that also have purplish spotting underneath, but the flower is not only larger at 2.5-3cm but also much flatter. As a matter of fact, it looks quite a bit like a fuzzy Restrepia. Restrepia brachypus — One of the 25-30 sometimes confusing species in the genus, this clone of Restrepia brachypus called ‘Floribunda’ is one of the choicest I have seen. The genus is one Masdevallia manaloi of my favourites, and one of their best attributes is the ability to make adventitious plantlets. The plants often carry these ‘keikis’, but if not, you can pull off a single leaf (and by the way, it should be one that has bloomed before) and pot it in sphagnum moss, fine bark, etc. inserted up to it’s leaf blade. Kept moist the leaf should sprout a plant, usually within 2-3 months. This species is from Colombia, and has a 5cm flower on a 20-25cm plant. An inter- esting ‘fragrance’ (odour) was noticed during one particularly heavy bloom of dozens of flowers, a very fetid fungus-like smell. Restrepia chameleon — This beautiful species is from Colombia, and seems to be fairly uniform in appearance (as far as this genus goes). The pale pink background colour to the synsepal is typical, as is the red striping. It may also come in a form with red spots but those are usually arranged in rows. It has 5-6cm flowers on a 17-20cm tall plant. Restrepia chocoensis — This is without a doubt the most distinct species in the genus. It has a unique plant (unlike other Restrepias) and a unique flower. The leaf and ramicaul (the stem of the leaf) are about 20-25cm long, and the leaf is very narrow and quite succulent, similar to members of the genus Myoxanthus. The 2-2.5cm flower has distinct split tails unlike any other species in the genus. The plants in cultivation are believed to all be from the original 2 or 3 plants collected once years ago in Colombia, and evidently the species has not been rediscovered in nature. Myoxanthus punctatus — This plant is one of some 40 species in the genus that are found in Central and South America. The genus also contains some of the tallest of all Pleurothallids, with plants a meter tall. This one has plants closer to 8-12cm, the flower being Icm in length. This species is from southern Brazil. I saw plants growing and blooming outside under lath on the island of Hawaii, so I assume that it requires intermediate to warm condi- tions. Masdeyvallia caudivolvula — This species stands alone in this genus of over 450 species. There are no other species of Masdevallia that have these amazing twisted tails. It is not exactly an easy species to keep alive though, but it does seem to prefer a cool greenhouse setting. The plants are about 15cm tall, and the bizarre flowers are approximately 3.5-5cm wide. It hails from Colombia. athens Or ot Serr Re 2 ? Masdevallia rubeola Masdevallia manaloi — This Peruvian species is one that was dis- covered only fairly recently. It has the stunning proportions of a 10cm plant with 12+cm flower! The plant does well under cool conditions. Masdevallia rubeola — One of the several species found in Bolivia in recent years, Masdevallia rubeola was found there in 1991 by Walter Teague. It has a Scm flower that has short, sharply recurved tails and an oscillating lip (it belongs to the section Oscillantes). This is another cool growing species. Masdevallia chuspipatae — This is another Bolivian discovery, Stelis sp. hihi si Masdevallia chuspipatae also found by Walter Teague but this time during another trip in 1994. The plant was collected out of bloom, and I was fortunate to see it with its first flowers. It was named after its place of dis- covery, Chuspipata in Bolivia. It has a plant of 12-15cm in height, and has 10cm flowers that are wonderfully fragrant. Stelis sp.—This plant was given to me by Walter Teague. It is just one of approximately 500 species in the genus. This plant is from Ecuador and has Icm flowers that are silvery on the front and dark maroon on the reverse. The species in this genus can be quite hard to identify, but most species of Stelis have largish, usually equal Scaphosepalum fimbriatum sized sepals, but very reduced petals and lip. Zootrophion oblongifolium — This is a member of an unusual genus that when in bloom looks like nothing more than a bud. All ten or so species have only a slit or hole on either side of the flower where the insect pollinator gains access. This particular one is from Peru, and has a 12-15cm plant with a 2.5cm flower. It requires temperatures in the intermediate range. Scaphosepalum fimbriatum — { really like the photo of this incredible species. Although the flowers are only 10-15mm across, they are amazing. The flowers of all of the 30 or so species Zootrophion oblongifolium — in the genus are non-resupinate, but this species has long pendent spikes that hang under the 10cm leaves. The plants are usually in bloom at any given time. It is from Ecuador. Scaphosepalum bicolor — 1 photographed this a few months ago in the greenhouses of J & L Orchids in Easton, Connecticut, and had never seen it before then. The plant was somewhere between 15-20cm tall and the flower was over 2.5cm. As with all Scaphosepalums, it has a sequential flowering inflorescence (there can be anywhere from a few to several flowers). It is a Colombian species, not commonly grown. Scaphosepalum bicolor Lepanthes medusae Lepanthes medusae — The plants of this species are fairly tall, reaching 35cm or more. The flowers though, are not quite 2cm, and bloom on the backside of the leaf. This species is from Colombia and is one of approximately 1000 species in this amaz- ing genus. Lepanthes saltatrix — A very striking species from Ecuador, this plant has incredibly intricate 1cm flowers that sit on a 2.5cm leaf that is beautifully patterned. It is closely related to Lepanthes calodictyon which is much more common in cultivation. The species seems to do well in intermediate to cool conditions, but it Lepanthes caprimulgus Lepanthes saltatrix probably would not like it cooler than 12 degrees C. Lepanthes caprimulgus — For a long time there were very few clones of this wonderful Peruvian species around, and this one, ‘Gorgeous Goobers’ was probably the best known. Recently some new importations have brought more examples into culti- vation. The plant is about 12cm tall and has a 15-18mm flower on a long wire-thin, pendent spike that often has a second flower. It has its own section in the genus. Lepanthes helleri — There is some doubt as to the identification of this species, but regardless it is a very beautiful thing with it’s Lepanthes helleri Lepanthes hondurensis cluster of jewel-like flowers sitting on a lovely somewhat cupped leaf. I could not find any information about the species, or find anyone who now grows it. To me though, it exemplifies the beauty of the genus. Lepanthes hondurensis — The specific name, hondurensis means that the species is from Honduras, but evidently it also occurs in Guatemala, as that is where the plant photographed originated. It is a very lovely and vibrant species with its bright colours and large butterfly-like petals. This plant is being grown under cool conditions. Restrepiopsis monetalis Restrepiopsis monetalis — The specific name for this species means ‘like a coin’, and this beautiful species does have very round leaves. It is not the easiest plant to grow, but I feel it is the choicest of the 10 or so species. This plant is from Ecuador, and is about 10cm tall with 2-2.5cm flowers. It seems to grow best in intermediate to slightly cool conditions, and Restrepiopsis in gen- eral do well mounted. Lepanthopsis floripecten — There are about 25 species in the genus, ranging from southern Florida into some of the Caribbean islands, Central America down into the Andean countries of Dracula robledorum Dracula alcithoe South America. This particular plant, found in Guatemala, is about 12cm tall with a group of flowers that is roughly 2.5-3cm long. It prefers moist conditions with intermediate temperatures. Dracula robledorum — The genus Dracula has some 110 species, and the flowers of this genus are some of the most outstanding in the Pleurothallidinae. The flowers range from 2cm up to an amaz- ing 40cm long (including the tails)! One of the more striking species is D. robledorum, and this particular clone; ‘Burgundy Velvet’ received an AM (Award of Merit) of 82 points from the American Orchid Society. The plant is approximately 20-25cm Dracula gorgona Dracula fuligifera tall, with a somewhat erect spike holding a downward-facing flower of 12-15cm long. This species, like so many of the Draculas is from Colombia. Dracula alcithoe — This species is from southern Colombia and northern Ecuador, and is very similar to Dracula simia and there is a chance that the plant pictured is actually a colour form of that taxon from southern Ecuador. The plant was labelled as D. alcithoe, and it does differ in some regards from typical D. simia such as colour and spotting. Regardless, it is a spectacular flower, 15-25cm in length, with an ape-like face. Dracula gorgona forma xanthina Dracula sp. Dracula fuligifera — This Ecuadorian endemic was described in 1991, with the specific epithet meaning, “bearing soot’, in reference to the blackish markings on the sepals. At one time it was thought to be acolour form of D. radiella. When photographing this species, you certainly have the feeling that you are being watched! Dracula gorgona — This is one of the most impressive of the Draculas, with its large and beautifully patterned flowers. It is prob- ably the species with the flattest flowers in the genus, and is also quite variable in colour and design. It is a Colombian species that stands about 20-25cm tall with flowers of roughly the same size. Dracula vampira Dracula kareniae Dracula gorgona forma xanthina — This photograph shows an extremely rare xanthic (lacking red pigment) form of the species from the superb collection of John Leathers from Berkeley, California. Dracula sp.—This is an unnamed (as far as I know) species from Peru, only the second species found so far in that large country, the other being D. janetiae. The plant is in several collections in the San Francisco area, and I was fortunate to photograph it recently. The plant, was about 17-20cm tall, and the flower was about 15-17cm long. Dracula kareniae — This is a somewhat new species, described in 1997, from Ecuador. It has campanulate (bell-shaped) flowers that are about 15cm, with long, thin tails. The flowers seem to have an unusually small lip in proportion to the rest of the flower. It is still uncommon in cultivation. Dracula vampira — I feel this species is the most spectacular in the genus, and this clone ‘Bela Lugosi’ is incredible. Evidently the American Orchid Society judges thought so as it received a FCC from them! The flower when awarded was 40cm long, but one of the best growers of Pleurothallids in the United States, John Leathers, cannot get it to bloom any longer than 35cm! This Ecuadorian species (one of the few native there) has a plant of 20- 30cm, and the flowers can be anywhere from 15cm to the afore- mentioned 40cm long. As typical for Draculas, the plant should be grown in a basket. I hope, with this article and accompanying photographs, that I have sparked some interest in this wonderful group of orchids, and since there are so many species, there is something for every- one’s taste and growing conditions. | Ron Parsons Daly City, California, USA Email: flowershots@hotmail.com | would like to thank the following friends and acquaintances for allowing me to photograph these amazing flowers: Steve Beckendorf, Brad Cotten, Ron Ehlers (of Petite Plaisance, Valley Ford, CA), Leonard Gines, Howard Gunn, Jim Hamilton (of Petite Plaisance), Cordelia Head (of J&L Orchids, Easton, CT), Jim Henrich (San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers), John Leathers (Hawk Hill Orchids), George Marcopoulus (San Francisco Conservatory of Flowers), Larry Moskovitz (of Orchidanica), Phil Muller, Andy Phillips (of Andy’s Orchids, Encinitas, CA), the late Lillian Severin, Walter Teague, Marni Turkel, Marguerite Webb (of J&L Orchids), and Lucinda Winn (of J&L Orchids). 15 Ponthieva tunguraguae Eric Christenson and Marni Turkel illustrate a rarely seen Ecuadorian species in a rarely seen genus. he genus Ponthieva comprises about 55 species distributed throughout the new world tropics, from the southeast United States and the West Indies to Bolivia. With just a few exceptions, the genus has been all but ignored by horticul- ture but Ponthieva includes quite a number of fascinating, if not downright showy, species that make charming additions to a mixed collection. Ponthieva honors Henri de Ponthieu, a West Indian merchant who collected plants in the West Indies and sent them to Sir Joseph Banks in England in 1778. The genus is closely related to Baskervilla, another genus rarely seen in cultivation. Both genera are notable for having strongly asymmetric petals that arise from clawed bases that are partially fused to the column and the blades of the petals usually touch along their inner margins. The resulting image is of a pair of semaphores. Both genera also produce flowers that are not resupinate (1.e., the lip is uppermost in the flower). In Baskervilla the lips are sac- . \ cate while in Ponthieva they are merely Ly is”. & AT'S mn cupped with a small apical lobe. A specimen plant of Ponthieva tunguraguae that obscures its 80mm Plants of Ponthieva are usually terres- pot. trial but a few species appear to be oblig- ate epiphytes, the latter usually have pen- dent, rather than erect, inflorescences. The leaves are produced in rosettes and although unmarked, several species have wonderfully “hairy” leaves (villose) that are interesting even when the plants are not in flower. Flowers are produced in racemes on long peduncles. The number of flowers on an inflorescence varies largely in relation to the size of the plant — smaller statured species have only a few flowers (+/- 10) while larger statured species have many flowers (> 25). Most species have flowers in combinations of white, yellow and green. Historically, only one species, P. macu- lata Lindl. (Senghas, 1989) or one of the species confused with P. maculata (Bock, 1998; Dressler, 1998) has been cultivated. That changed with the arising of modern nurseries with propagation facilities becoming active in the tropics (Christenson, 2004) and a decided shift in what the orchid community considers beautiful. In the past, wild-collected plants of terrestrial orchids like Ponthieva rarely were exported from the tropics and when they were they largely suffered from severe desiccation during transportation. Now that established nursery-grown 16 The Australian.Orchid Review, October/November 2004 plants are available, genera like Ponthieva are making a noticeable appearance among species growers. The subject of this note is an Ecuadorian species, P. tunguraguae that has entered cultivation as either an unknown species or mistakenly as P. maculata. In addition to technical and size differences in the flowers, the lateral sepals of P. maculata are white with bold dark green spotting and unlike the pinkish sepals with con- trasting green border of P. tunguraguae. Ponthieva tunguraguae, named for its type locality in the Province of Tungurahua, is a relatively recent addition to the genus and was only described by Leslie Garay in 1978. The original (type) specimen was collected along the Rio Negro but the exact provenance of recent living plants is unknown. While not everyone’s cup of tea, P. tun- guraguae makes a charming, albeit diffi- cult to pronounce, addition to a species collection. The good news — at least for us Yanks — is that the Hoosier Orchid Company in Indianapolis, Indiana, reports abundant germination of this species in the laboratory. So we can rest assured that in just a few years this species will become widely available and well entrenched in horticulture. This is ex situ conservation at its best. Aspects of Cultivation Grow plants of Ponthieva in pots in a light terrestrial mixture or fine seedling- grade epiphyte mixture or in loosely packed sphagnum moss. Provide bright light, intermediate to cool-intermediate temperatures, and steady watering while in active growth. Most species have a dor- mancy following flowering when water should be reduced to a maintenance pro- gram but not discontinued. Literature Bock, I. 1998. Ponthieva maculata Lindl. und Ponthieva brenesii Schltr. kri- tisch betrachtet. Die Orchidee 49(1):2-6. Christenson, E. A. 2004. Conservation . o! - = a race Part of the inflorescence of Ponthieva tunguraguae. (Photo: D.P. Banks) in Action: Ecuagenera. Orchid Digest 68(2):114-117. Dressler, R. L. 1998. The Ponthieva maculata complex and the neotypification of P. formosa Schltr. Bol. IBUG 5(1-3):82- 83. Senghas, K. 1989. Ponthieva maculata 1845. Die Orchidee 40(2): Orchideenkartei Seite 561-562. Eric Christenson, Ph.D., is a research taxonomist who actively promotes sensi- ble orchid conservation and writes fre- quently on horticultural species. He is co- author with David Bennett of the illus- trated series JIcones Orchidacearum Peruviarum which has figured 800 species from Peru to date. ( 1646 Oak Street, Sarasota, Florida 34236, U.S.A. (e-mail: orchideric@juno.com) — Marni Turkel isa ~ professional potter and a hobbyist orchid grower. She is especially interested in cool-growing miniature species. A fre- quent lecturer, she writes a bi-monthly fea- ture “Well Worth the Space” for the AOS magazine Orchids. (Stony Point Ceramic Design, 2080 Llano Rd 1B, Santa Rosa, CA 95407, U.S.A. (e-mail: marni@ marni- turkel.com -— web site: www.marni- turkel.com). | The Orchadian Journal of the Australasian Native Orchid Society Inc. Dedicated to the Study and Conservation of Australasian Native Orchids Subscription Rates: (Four issues per year.) $40 Australia $45 PNG/Pacific/New Zealand $50 Other Countries Subscription applications should be addressed to: A.N.O.S.Inc., PO Box 318, Willoughby, NSW 2068 Australia Wwww.anos.org.au AOR186 T ORCHIDS FREE CATALOGUE INCLUDES MOST GENERA NURSERY OPEN MON-SAT 9am-4pm O N Ginonee Orchids 768 Tinonee Road, Tinonee NSW 2430 Phone/Fax (02) 6553 1012 Email: clement@tpg.com.au website: www.tinoneeorchids.com E E AOR 173 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 ORcHIDACEOUS BooKs Suppliers of Fine Orchid Literature Paphiopedilum Braem and Chiron Native Ecuadorian Orchids 1, 2, 3 and 4 Orchids of Borneo 4 Orchids of the Brazilian Central Plateau Linneaus The Compleat Naturalist John Lindley Stearn Pahpiopedilum in Taiwan Ill Slipper Orchids of Vietnam Phalaenopsis in Taiwan III For more information on this or any of our wide selection of titles please visit our web site: www.orchidaceousbooks.com.au. Catalogue available on request Grahame & Margaret Muller P.O. Box 4192, Tinana, Qld. 4650 Ph: 07 4122 1251 Fax: 07 4122 4539 Email: books@orchidaceousbooks.com.au AOR 111 17 18 embers of the cosmopolitan genus Liparis are not, generally, widely cultivated. Maybe this is because of the small flowers and the usually drab colouration. Liparis compressa is an exception to the above. This species has comparatively large blooms that are very brightly coloured. It is also quite easy to cultivate and the flowers are produced throughout the year with a peak in the late winter. Carl Blume first named this plant as Malaxis compressa in 1825. Dr. John Lindley transferred the generic concept to Liparis in his Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants in 1830. The spe- cific epithet refers to the compressed rachis of the inflorescence. The habit of the rachis readily separates many species into section Distichae. At one time this section was also known as the genus Cestichus. Liparis compressa is a widely distrib- uted species and it has been recorded from Peninsular Malaysia, Sumatra, Java, Borneo and the Philippines. It gen- Text and photo by Jim Cootes erally grows as an epiphyte at elevations of between 800 and 1,800 metres. If there is one fault with this species it is the growth habit. The pseudobulbs are spaced on the rhizome at intervals of up to 10 centimetres, so a fairly large con- tainer is required to keep the roaming habit in check. One of the good points for this plant is that it readily branches. My plant was purchased 2 years ago as a double lead division of three pseudobulbs in a 7.5- cm plastic pot. The plant is now in a 15- cm squat pot with 5 pseudobulbs and 5 new leading growths. Another plus is that each new growth bears an inflores- cence that will bear flowers for a very lengthy period. There was an inflores- cence on the plant when I purchased it and it is still blooming and more than 40 flowers have been produced over this period, with more to come. The main feature of the flower is the labellum, which is about 1.4 cm long by 1 cm wide and wedge-shaped. The dor- sal and lateral sepals are slightly The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 reflexed, lanceolate, to 1.2 cm long by 3 mm wide. The petals are linear, reflexing badly, to 1 cm long by 1 mm wide. The flowers are bright orange in colour and most eye-catching. I grow this beautiful species in a plas- tic pot in a mix of fine grade bark, which is not allowed to dry out. The glasshouse is kept at 12 degrees Celsius during the winter months. High humidity, constant air movement and 50% shade will have this plant growing to perfection. Regular applications of both organic and inor- ganic fertilisers are beneficial for the plant. This is a plant well worth seeking out. It is an easy grower with attractive blooms and if you live in the north of Australia it should grow like a weed. Reference: Comber J. 2001. Orchids of Sumatra. Natural History Publications (Borneo). Jim Cootes Email: jecootes@ozemail.com.au A Language Trap — Phragmipedium caudatum, Phrag. warszewiczianum, Phrag. humboldtit. by Dr. Guido J. Braem' & Sandy Ohlund? Key words Cypripedioideae, Cypripedium, C. caudatum, C. humboldti, C. warszewiczianum, American tropics, nomenclature, Orchidaceae, Phragmipedium, P. caudatum, P. humboldtii, P. warszewiczianum, taxonomy. Abstract The pitfalls of interpreting botanical lit- erature in a language not fully mastered are discussed. Atwood & Dressler misin- terpreted a German publication by the younger Reichenbach published in 1854. The article in question is discussed in detail, and it is shown that Reichenbach fil. did not publish, nor did he intend to pub- lish a botanical entity under the name of “Cypripedium Humboldti”. A transfer of that entity to the genus Phragmipedium by Atwood & Dressler is therefore obsolete. Introduction The problem of different languages in taxonomy is not a new one. On several occasions in the past (Braem, Baker & Baker 1998, Braem & Chiron 2003, and in numerous lectures) the senior author has pointed out that taxonomy is not endemic to any country or language region. Thus, often the botanist is confronted with descriptions that are not written in his/her native tongue. The present case is a good example of what can happen when taxon- omy is based on literature that was pub- lished in a language one does not master. Discussion Phragmipedium caudatum is one of the best-known species of this genus of mag- nificent neotropical slipper orchids. In fact, it is the type of the genus. The plant was described as Cypripedium caudatum by John Lindley in 1840 and transferred to the genus Phragmipedium by Rolfe in 1896. Atwood and Dressler (1998) reviewed the plants belonging to this complex and came to the conclusion that the Mesoamerican plants of this species 1 Research Associate — California Academy of Sciences & Director, Schlechter Institute, Lahnau, Germany. 2 Associate Professor, Holy Cross College, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA. should be referred to as Phragmipedium humboldtii (Warsz. ex Rchb-f.) J.T. Atwood & Dressler. This conclusion, how- ever, is based on a flagrant misinterpreta- tion of the original German text of a pub- lication by the younger Reichenbach enti- tled “Neue Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz.” (Reichenbach fil. 1852). In that paper, Reichenbach, when dealing with a plant sent to him as “Cypripedium humboldti” by von Warszewicz, reviews the concept of Cypripedium caudatum and establishes Cypripedium warszewiczianum. Atwood & Dressler review the Reichenbach paper and write (loc. cit.): “Interestingly enough, there is a descrip- tion, preceding the original description of Cypripedium warszewiczianum Rchb.f. that has been ignored by all: Cypripedium humboldti Warsz. ex Rchb.f. A translation of the German and Latin reveals why no one has wanted to deal with this name.” Three questions follow out of that state- The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 ment: a) did Reichenbach really describe a “Cypripedium humboldti”?, b) is the translation presented by Atwood & Dressler correct?, and c) if not, what con- clusions are to be made? Mere mention of a Latin name in any 19th century publication, be it scientific, horticultural, or a seed list, is generally accepted as valid publication ofa taxon. In most cases the question whether the author intended valid publication in the botanical sense cannot be ascertained and is gener- ally regarded to be of little importance. For that reason, Atwood & Dressler would be right in their interpretation if there were no other facts that speak clearly against it. These facts, however, cannot be recog- nised and/or understood by anyone who is not familiar with the characteristics and finesses of the German language. Furthermore, some serious mistakes in the translation of Reichenbach’s phrasing obviously have misled Atwood & Dressler. Original Text Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. Ich besitze ein Exemplar und eine Abbildung vom Autor. Ich verglich dieselbe mit den Exemplaren des C. cau- datum von Ruiz, mit der Abbildung in Hook Ic. VII. 628. Paxton Fl. G. 9. Auch ich glaube an mehrere Arten, wie Hr. von W. — Die Pflanze unsres Reisenden ist aber genau dieselbe, welche in Hook. Ic. vor- liegt; dieselbe, welche Ruiz sammelte. Nach einer schlechten Blithe letzterer stellte Hr. Prof. Lindley sein C. caudatum auf: ich kenne dieselbe Pflanze in guten Exemplaren, also genauer als der Autor selbst und behalte flr sie den Namen. — Von dieser unterscheidet sich die Pflanze Fl. Gard. t. 9. vor allem durch ein quer zweilappiges steriles Staubgefass. Die Abbildung ist sehr deutlich und Hr. Prof. L. sagt ausdricklich: stamine sterili trans- verso bilobo apicibus setosis. Die Abbildung in Hook. Ic. Dagegen zeigt deutlich dasselbe Organ dreilappig, wie ich es immer gefunden. Obschon ich héchst selten Pflanzen nach fremden Abbildungen und Beschreibungen unter- scheide, so versteht es sich doch von selbst, dass ich einer Abbildung und Beschreibung des Hrn. Prof. Lindley ver- traue. — Ich setze die Diagnosen beider so: The original German text is most cer- tainly not easy to interpret by someone who is not familiar with the difficulties of German grammar. For someone versed in German, however, it is very clear that Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5. 31.: phyllo supremo lato oblongo acuto, inferi- ori subaequali, latiori, phyllis internis a latiori basi linearibus longissimis, calceo oblongo ventricoso abbreviate margine ostii pilis velutino, stamine sterili trilobo. — Hook. Ic. |. c. C. Humboldti? v. Wszwez.‘ “Bluthen stark gelb, rotnervig, Lippe pur- purfleckig.” In Peruv. Andium nemoribus. Ruiz! (Herb. Berol.!) In Quercubus montium Chiriqui. De Warszewicz.! 20 Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. [ex Rchb.f] | have a specimen and a drawing by the author. | compare the same with speci- mens of C. caudatum of Ruiz, [and] with the illustration in Hook Ic. VII. 628 [actually this should read ‘658’]. Paxton FI. G. 9. Also | believe in more species as does Mr. Von W[arszewicz]. The plant of our trav- eler is but exactly the same, which is sub- mitted in Hook. Ic.; the same which Ruiz collected. After a bad flower of the latter, Professor Lindley erected his C. cauda- tum: | know the same plant in good spec- imens, also exactly as the author himself kept the name for the plant. — From this the plant in Fl. Gard. T. 9 is distinguished principally by the transversely two lobed staminode. The illustration is very distinct, and Mr. Professor L. says explicitly: sta- minode transversely bilobed, setose at the apex. The illustration in Hook. Ic., on the other hand, evidently shows the same organ three lobed, as | always find it. Although | most rarely distinguish plants after foreign illustration and descriptions, nevertheless it stands as self evident that | trust an illustration and description by Mr. Professor Lindley. | place the diagnoses of two [species] thus. Reichenbach identified the Warszewicz plant as identical with the plants of “Cypripedium caudatum” collected by Ruiz and the plant depicted in Hooker’s Icones. Reichenbach also states that this Cypr. caudatum Lindl. Orch. 5. 31.: dorsal sepal broadly oblong acute. Synsepal similar but broader. Petals very long, linear from a broader base. Pouch oblong, inflated, the margin around the aperture with short hairs, causing a vel- vet-like surface. Staminode three-lobed — Hooker. /cones plantarum. locus citatus. “C. Humboldti v. Wszwcz.” [This is not to be read as “C. Humbolati variety Wszwcz. It is a reference to the plant designated as “C. Humboldti” by von Warszewicz.] “Flowers deep yellow, veined red. Lip spotted purple.” In the forests of the Peruvian Andes. Ruiz! (Herb. Berol.! [Berlin Herbarium, lost by act of war]) Chiriqui Mountains. De Warszewicz! [Why Reichenbach uses the French nobility prefix “de” instead of the German “von” is unknown.] Atwood & Dressler (1998) Correct Translation Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwcz. | have aspecimen and a drawing by the author. | did compare the specimen and the drawing with specimens of C. cauda- tum collected by Ruiz, and with the illus- trations in Hooker’s /cones plantarum VII. 628 [actually this should indeed read ‘658'] and Paxton’s Flower Garden, 1: t. 9. | agree with Mr. von W[arszewicz] in that there is more than one species involved. The plant of our traveler is, however, exactly the same as the one illustrated in Hooker’s [cones plantarum, and the same as the plant that was collected by Ruiz. Prof. Lindley described his C. caudatum on the basis of a damaged flower. As | know the same plant from good speci- mens, | know it better than the author [Lindley] and retain its name. The plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, tab. 9 is, however, different, especially in respect to the staminode, which shows a staminode that is transversely two-lobed. The illustration is very distinct, and Prof. Lindley explicitly states [in the Latin text]: staminode transversely bilobed, setose at the apex. The illustration in Hooker's Icones plantarum, on the other hand, clearly shows a plant with a three-lobed staminode, as | always find it. Although | most rarely distinguish plants on the basis of drawings and descriptions that have not been made by myself, it is self-evident that | trust Prof. Lindley’s drawing and description. | define the two species as follows. taxon was originally described as Cypripedium caudatum by Lindley in 1840. This also becomes very evident in the first of the two species descriptions [‘Diagnosen’]. Reichenbach unmistakably lists “C. [ypripedium] Humboldti” as a syn- onym for “Cypr.[ipedium] caudatum Lindl.” Thus, the heading “Cypripedium Humboldti Wszwez.” in Reiechenbach’s general text is not to be understood as the description of a new taxon, but as a dis- cussion of the plant sent to Reichenbach fil. under that designation by von Warszewicz. This is confirmed by Reichenbach’s treatment of the genus Selenipedium in the first volume of his Xenia Orchidacea, published in 1854. There, on page 3, he lists “C. Humboldti Wzw” as synonym to Selenipedium cau- datum. Interesting also is that he writes “C. Humboldti Wzw”, and not “C. Humboldti Rchb.f.” or “C. Humboldti Wzw ex (and/or) Rchb.f.) thus indicating that he did not describe that entity in 1852. On the other hand, Reichenbach clari- fies that the plant depicted in Paxton’s Flower Garden, t. 9, is not identical with The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Cypr. Warszewiczianum: _ phyllo supremo oblongo acuto-acuminato, infe- riori subaequali, basi latiori, longiori, phyl- lis internis a latiori basi linearibus longis- simis; calceo oblongo margine versus basin glanduloso serrato, stamine sterili transverso bilobo apicibus _ setosis. Cyp. caudatum Lindl. Fl. Gard, |. 9. p. 31. — Wahrscheinlich ist dies das C. cauda- tum, welches in the Stimpfen wachst (marshy places.). the plant sent by von Warszewicz because of the distinct difference in the morphol- ogy of the staminode (two-lobed versus three-lobed). Therefore, this plant is not identical with Lindley’s original Cypripedium caudatum and needed to be re-described. This is Reichenbach’s second species: C.[ypripedium] warsze- wiczianum, now referred to as Phrag- mipedium warszewiczianum (Reichen- bach fil.) Garay. Conclusions In his treatment of the plants sent to him by von Warszewicz, the younger Reichenbach discussed an entity sent under the name of “Cypripedium Humboldti”. As Reichenbach clearly identified the von Warszewicz plant with the original Cypripedium caudatum as published by Lindley in 1840 and as dis- cussed and illustrated by Hooker in his Icones for 1844, Reichenbach did not describe nor did he intend to describe “Cypripedium Humboldti” as an autonomous species. To the contrary, Reichenbach explicitly put “Cypripedium Humboldti” within the synonymy of Cypripedium caudatum Lindley 1840. The transfer of “Cypripedium Humboldti” to “Phragmipedium hum- boldtii” by Atwood & Dressler and their reduction of Phrag. exstaminodium to a subspecies of “Phrag. humboldtii” are therefore obsolete. Reichenbach, however, does acknowl- edge von Warszewicz’s view that “several species are involved” [in the Cypr. cauda- tum complex], and recognises the plant depicted by Paxton & Linden in Paxton’s Flower Garden under the name of Cyp. caudatum as a separate entity at the species level. He describes this latter species as “Cyp. Warszewiczianum>” . (We 3 The usual spelling in the 19th century was with a single “i”. 4 See our comments in square brackets in the transla- tion. 5 In Reichenbach’s day, species designations based on the name of an individual were capitalised. This is no longer done today. When citing the old authors, we leave the capitalisation and put the names in quota- tion marks. In our own text, we do not capitalise species names, no matter what their linguistic origin may be. Cypr. warszewiczianum: dorsal sepal oblong, acute-acuminate, synsepal simi- lar but longer with a larger base, petals very long and linear from a broader base; pouch oblong, the margins near the base saw-edged, staminode transversely two-lobed, the tips beset with bristles. Cyp. caudatum Lindl. Fl. Gard, |. 9. p. 31. — This probably is the C. caudatum that grows in marshy places. will clarify the identity of all species involved in this group in a following article.) | Phragmipedium warszewiczianum from Paxton’s Flower Garden Literature cited Atwood, J.T. & Dressler, R.L. (1998) Clarifications and new combinations in the Phragmipedium cauda- tum complex from Central America. - Selbyana, 19(2) 1245-248. Braem, G.J., Baker, M. & C. Baker, 1998. The genus Paphiopedilum - Natural History and ey eu Botanical Publishers Inc., Kissimmee, Braem, G.J. & G.R. Chiron, 2003. Paphiopedilum— Tropicalia, Voreppe, France. Hooker, W. J. (1844) Icones plantarum: Cypupedin caudatum Lindl. tab. 658-659. indley, J. (1840) The Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, p. 531. Lindley, J. & Paxton, J. (1850) Paxton’s Flower Garden: The long-tailed Ladyslipper (Cypripedium caudatum), tab. 9, pp. 37-40. Reichenbach, H.G. (1852) Neue Orchideen der Expedition des Herrn J. de Warszewicz. — Botanische Zeitung, 10(40): 689-698. Reichenbach, H.G. (1854) Xenia Orchidacea, 1: 3. - Rolfe, R.A. (1896) The Cypripedium Group. — The Orchid Review, 4: 327-334. : obi Dane SHADE CLOTH DISCOUNT PRICES Queensland’s largest range of shadecloth 3660mm per i roll 30% (v/light) 50% (light) 70% (medium) 80% (heavy) ALSO AVAILABLE 90% (v/heavy) GREEN GREEN, BLACK GREEN, BLACK GREEN, BLACK GREEN perm per 50m roll $5.25 $4.50 $4.95 $6.00 per 30m roll $7.15 $205 perm $14.30 Polyshade is a waterproof shade cloth, It is available in only one width 1830mm (6’) and offers 50% shade with a 99% UV block-out. Green or Biscuit $8,25 per m, $368.50 per 50m roll. Solarweave is a waterproof hot house fabric. 2050mm width. $4.40 per m. $181.50 per 50m roll. (We can have the Polyshade or Solarweave electronically welded to whatever size you require.) Weed control mat is the safe solution to your weed problem. We stock 915mm (3’) and 1830mm (6') wide. 915mm $1.20 per m, $48.00 per 50m roll,1830mm $2.10 per m, $87.90 per 50m roll. Larger widths are available (by roll lengths only). ALL PRICES INCUDE G.S.T. NEWMARKET HARDWARE : 176 Enoggera Rd, Newmarket, Q. 4051 Ph (07) 3356 0162 < Country Orders Welcome. ALL CREDIT CARDS WELCOME The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 21 By Graeme S. Banks OAM Vt was in 1969 that I obtained my first 4icomplex Paphiopedilum hybrid and such was the effect that the genus had on my orchid growing activities that I started to dabble in hybridising within these slip- per orchids some two to three years later. During the first 10 years or so the word ‘dabble’ was definitely the right one because, whilst I was then able to flask and raise the seeds produced, the resultant flowerings left a lot to be desired. Nothing very good came of it all! However I persevered and over time I was able to get together a few good breed- ing clones so that from the early 1980s results started to improve dramatically. I had now reached the stage where I was having the seed/seed pods sent out for pro- fessional flasking so I was getting more seedlings to grow on to flowering. Currently I make around 100 crosses each flowering season (for me May through to August) which gives me 25 or so seed pods that make it through the hot summer months to achieve maturity in mid to late April. I like to take the pods off a week or so after the first ‘chill’ comes through in April (occasionally I have to wait until sometime in May). The request with all of the pods I send out for processing is that, if possible, I get back 200/250 seedlings — say 10 replate flasks. With some of the crosses though I am lucky if I get a few seedlings in just one flask; thanks to the complexities of the genetics involved. I now grow all of the seedlings on until they flower. The above information is essentially to set the scene for the main thrust of what LARGE RANGE OF FLASKS this article is all about! All of the complex (exhibition type) Paphiopedilums are grown under the fol- Disa seedlings 22’s - $ 37.50, 11’s $20.00. Australian Cymbidium species and hybrids: 33’s - $50.00, 25’s - $37.50, (MRPAMAFaTor Tet Co TSS MTS oelMES are entce high benches in what is essentially a shade house however with a fibre glass roof and with fibre glass to about 2 metres height on the western and southern walls — this is where the cold/hot winds come from. The 12’s - $20.00. Also available colchicine treated possible Tetraploids. Selected show bench, pot plant and cut flower Cymbidium clones and seedlings: $40.00 per 33, $32.00 per 25, $18.00 per 12 plants in flask. Australian native terrestrial orchids - commercial and hobbyist’ Pettis eke Meer allowed Go alsy all = TUL aa : they do not stay wet as an open mix of quantities available. medium and/or small treated bark is used. FOR LISTS: All watering is ‘overhead’ — thanks to our ‘ current water restrictions this has to now -P.0. Box 276, Blackwood, 5051. S.A. be done using a hand-held hose during the . hours allowed. Deep plastic pots are used. Ph/Fax 08 8270 4599 [International +61 8 8270 4599 Over the years the temperature range a e-mail: western@arcom.com.all experienced in the growing area has been AOR 149 from —2 degrees C through to +47 degrees 22 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 C and every summer and winter brings its +40 degree C and 0 degree C temperatures. Repotting, where needed and including planting out of community pots, is com- menced about a week or so after the short- est day, which means July and August, are always very active months for me with the Paphs. The only spraying for pest/diseases is in respect of the black spot (akin to the black spot which affects roses) — the generally very favourable growing conditions seem to keep pests away and these days the plants do not get the ‘rots’ that can severely debilitate or kill plants. Over the years those that have shown symptoms of such rots have just been allowed to die I guess — they certainly have never found their way into my breeding program! In fact even those that are susceptible to black spot on their leaves are also excluded from breeding. The effect of all this is that over the past many years/couple of decades I have been breeding with plants, which have proven that they can cope very well with, the harsh conditions imposed upon them. Also the seedlings that did not have the stamina just did not make it through to flowering. Every seedling that I flower has had to overcome the trials and tribulations of four to five years of at times harsh temperature conditions. The end result is that now I can consis- tently flower good show bench complex Paphiopedilums in the middle of winter without the need for any heating or ‘srooming’ of flowers to assist them to open properly. In fact they all grow just a well as the few plants of Paphiopedilum insigne [have with them. Also, as I flower all of the seedlings, I am able to reap the benefits of the breeding undertaken as I get to keep all the very good ones. | Graeme Banks OAM Northmead, NSW Email: gsbanks@ozemail.com.au aT Ibo n DULDG oph ayll UM t Se |) ie Sat ae ee lindleyanum — Bizarre and Beautiful Text and photos by Jim Cootes G'ome orchids we only ever see in illus- trations, so if the chance arrives to secure a plant, or two, of these illustrated plants we grab it with both hands. I first saw this orchid back in the 1980s whilst browsing through the Bulbophyllum volume of the late Dr. Gunnar Seiden- faden’s Orchid Genera in Thailand. My immediate thought was I wouldn’t mind growing that species, if I could ever get a few plants. It has plenty going for it; a small-growing plant; plenty of flowers on the inflorescence even though the blooms are not big; nice colouration of the flowers; and it is quite unusual when compared to many other Bulbophyllum species because the front surface of the dorsal and lateral sepals are covered with short white hairs. The chance for a trip to Thailand in 2001 had me searching the catalogues for desirable orchid species to try and obtain whilst in the country. One of the species on the top of the list was Bulbophyllum lind- leyanum. Unfortunately I was only able to get three plants and what with the barbaric treatment any plant receives from the Australian Quarantine department, on importation, I think I was extremely lucky to eventually end up with two plants. Plant History and Taxonomy: William Griffith named this lovely species in 1851 in Notulae 3. The specific epithet honours Dr. John Lindley, the great orchid taxonomist of the mid 1800s. Bulbophyllum lindleyanum is a member of the section Hirtula as described by Dr. Henry Ridley in 1908. Plant Description: Growth Habit: Upright, sympodial. Rhizome: to 4 mm in diameter, bearing the pseudobulbs from about 1 cm apart to almost touching. Pseudobulbs: conical, to 2 cm tall by 2.5 cm in diameter; bearing a The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 23 single leaf, which lasts for two years. Leaves: elliptic to narrowly ovate; to 16 cm long by 2.8 cm wide; of a thin texture. Inflorescence: upright, usually longer than the leaves; bearing up to 25 flowers about 1.1 cm in diameter. The inflorescence is produced in the autumn and the flowers open all at once towards the end of winter. Flower colour: base colour is white; lateral and dorsal sepals are striped, and tipped with blackish purple; petals have a single green stripe; labellum is white. Dorsal “The Orchid Centre of Australia” sepal: ovate, to 6 mm long by 3 mm wide; inner surface covered with short white a sala H H hairs as is th edge. Petals: elliptic Mail Order Specialists Australia Wide eeteceeseanincenet o rti dged with short hairs. Retail, Wholesale and Export aerial ataxia long by 3.5 mm wide; inner surface cov- eure d with short white hairs as are the oute Free “Regular Plant Listing” on request. [Reenter eas ovate; to 3 mm long by tHe mm Wilels Free “Community Pot Listing” on request. Fee ee Habitat and Distribution: Recorded from Myanmar (formerly Burma) and Thailand. It grows as an epi- phyte, in old rubber plantations among limestone hills at low elevations. Free “Premier Selection and Imported Plant Listing” on request. Priests Road (PO Box 96) Nursery Hours Deception Bay, Brisbane, Qld 4508 Wed. to Sat. -— 9 am to 4 pm Cultivation: Ph (07) 3888 3637 Fax (07) 38885271 Closed: Sun., Mon., Tues. Because this plant is from low eleva- E-Mail: aranbeem@optusnet.com.au & Public Holidays tions it can be safely assumed that in its native habitat there is a distinct wet and dry season. My plants are grown at a min- imum of 12 degrees Celsius during the winter, but I am certain they would do much better if the winter minimum were kept above 16 degrees Celsius. The humidity is always kept high and there is constant air movement with 50% shade. The plants are kept dryer during the cooler months. They are fertilised regularly with both organic and inorganic fertilisers at half of the manufacturer’s recommenda- tion. The plants are grown on a mount of natural cork bark, with a little sphagnum moss along the rhizome to keep the base of the plant damp and encourage root growth. If the plant is happy in its surroundings it will soon attach itself to the intended host with the fine wiry roots. Close-up photos taken by the author of his clone in cultiva- - etl f : ; > @ > : j ‘ ‘OR PLDC 2 R ot VEr ay ONE gl “Pegs tion. David Banks took the image of the ci. iv 5 entire plant in bloom in the private collec- Ph: 02 6682 2635 3 ron eve Woodburn 24 | ete atiesy faints Garehiis Clase) WWW. EASYORCHIDS.COM ies References: Dockrill A.W. 1969. Australian Indigenous. Orchids Volume 1. The Society For Growing Australian Plants. Seidenfaden G. 1979. Orchid Genera in Thailand VU — Bulbophyllum. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv. Vermeulen J.J. 2002. A Taxonomic Revision of Bulbophyllum (Orchidaceae) 2. Sections Altisceptrum and Hirtula. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 54. O Jim Cootes Email: jecootes@ozemail.com.au 24 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Sphagnum Moss as a Potting Medium by Brian Milligan r Australia, pine bark is undoubtedly the most common ingredient of orchid potting mixes, especially for cymbidiums, Australian native dendrobiums and Sarcochilus but Sphagnum moss is gaining popularity as a potting mix for many other genera. Sphagnum moss grows in swamps or bogs, where it may form layers many feet deep. It is widely distributed in the northern hemi- sphere but grows only in sub-alpine zones in Australia and New Zealand. The most com- mon species, and the only one harvested commercially, is Sphagnum cristatum. It is found in mountain bogs in Victoria, New South Wales, the ACT and Tasmania. The growth rate in Tasmania varies between 4 and 42 mm per annum. Dehydrated Sphagnum moss can absorb 10-20 times its weight of water. The moss is relatively sterile and for this reason it was used as a dressing for burns and other wounds during the First World War. It’s believed to contain anti-fungal substances, and it is there- fore a useful medium for newly deflasked orchid seedlings. It dries out much more slowly than other potting media, and there- fore watering should not be as frequent as with other potting mixes. The moss is usually supplied commer- cially either as dehydrated material or as liv- ing material straight from the bog. Dehydrated moss usually takes several days to reconstitute. To avoid breaking the strands, squirt the moss with water occasionally over a day or two before unravelling them. The moss is then best stored in foam boxes kept in good light, and watered occasionally, prefer- ably with rainwater. Material straight from the moss bog is ready to use immediately. Any orchid that requires a fairly constant level of moisture seems to do well planted in moss. Masdevallias, odontoglossums and Colombian “miltonias” (Miltoniopsis species and their hybrids) grow better for me in pot- ting mixes containing moss than they for- merly did in pine bark. Disas, especially, grow better in moss than in other mixes. Many growers prefer to use a mix of Sphagnum moss and crumbed polystyrene foam, generally in the ratio 2:1 or 1:1 by vol- ume. It leads to improved drainage and also saves money because polystyrene foam is cheaper than moss. It’s usual to cut the moss into 10 mm lengths before mixing it with the foam. I use ‘straight’ uncut moss for my disas but prefer a moss/foam mix for most other orchids. Squeeze as much moisture as possi- ble from the moss before use. It then doesn’t need to be packed so tightly in the pot, because it swells when the pot is subse- quently watered. Moss is an effective potting medium only if it is alive. For this reason it’s important not to apply high concentrations of liquid fertilis- ers, as these will kill moss. I suggest no more than a quarter of the manufacturer’s recom- mended concentration. (150-200 ppm for those with a Truncheon conductivity meter). Heavily chlorinated water and water contain- ing high levels of salt also kill Sphagnum moss. Melbourne tap water is satisfactory but rainwater is better. For best results plants should be re-potted annually, otherwise the lower levels of moss gradually die and become soggy, causing the mix to drain too slowly. Sphagnum moss is an effective medium for striking cymbidium back-bulbs and those of many other orchids. It can also be used to encourage root growth in Australian native dendrobium keikis. Another use is to revive sick orchids. Plants that have lost their roots, as the result of rot or other causes should be re-potted in moss in as small a pot as they will comfortably fit. After watering, the pot can be sealed in a plastic bag to conserve moisture, in which case no further watering is neces- sary. This treatment often leads to the growth of new roots. But not always — Sphagnum moss is a great potting medium but it can’t work miracles! oO Brian Milligan Email: brianmilligan @iprimus.com.au DARK STAF ORCHIDS Open Day- Sunday 5th DECEMBER 2004 open 9.00am - 4.00pm @ 183 Windsor Road, Northmead next to “The Home Team” (Please park in Mary St. or Windermere Ave.) Orchids from DARK STAR (Hans Schaible) - featuring Flowering Orchids, including African Species and Angraecoids Paphiopedilum and Phragmipedium Species & Hybrids Lycastes, Vandaceous plus Interesting Miscellaneous Species Also available — Collectable Plants from Hills District Orchids Including Clivias, Nepenthes, Haworthias and Tillandsias and Orchid Accessories from Tinonee Orchids, including Bark & Potting Mix, Hangers, Pots, Fertiliser, Cork, Treefern, Easy Clips, Labels etc. ORDER NOW - Pick Up on the Day Further details contact Hans Schaible (Dark Star Orchids) 6564-4088 David Banks (Hills District Orchids) on 9674-4720 or 0412-123036 email: dpbanks@ozemail.com.au Ray Clement (Tinonee Orchids) 6553-1012 Free tea and coffee. Stay for the lunchtime sausage sizzle. The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 25 “Old”? is New Again by Joan Burke y my observation at orchid shows, and noted in various articles, it seems that species cymbidiums, long looked on as the ‘poor relations’ are at last deservedly being respected for their true worth. I well remember when those “old ones” were being relegated to the incinerator or the compost bin. Now they’re being sought after and cherished. For without those “wild” cymbidiums there could be none of the bewildering array of desirable hybrids currently being offered. And win- ning awards. Readers who have an affection for the “old ones” will appreciate the delight I experienced when one of my writing stu- dents presented me with four glorious spikes of Cymbidium lowianum blooms. Minimum number of blooms per spike was 12. I’ve read that this species’ inflo- rescence may at times be up to 1.5 metres long, and can carry up to 20 blooms. In the late Jim Rentoul’s book Growing Orchids Cymbidiums and _ Slippers (Lothian Publishing, Melbourne: 1980) he reports the author Lewis Castle (writing in about 1887) as having remarked on the longevity of C. lowianum blooms thus: “..affords an extraordinary instance of durability...in 1883 opened its flowers on December 26 and the same plant was shown in excellent condition at the Royal Botanic Society’s Show, June 18, 1884”. That ‘fine specimen’ belonged to Mr Cobb, Silverdale Lodge, Sydenham. Rentoul suggested added to the quota- tion should be that “... gardeners who looked after orchid collections in England ‘in that era’... put time and thoroughness into cultivation.” Although humble men they were expert at their craft. In the English translation (Studio Vista Publications, Great Britain: 1972) of Orchid Care by William Richter the intro- duction by E. Launert & P.F. Hunt ends on a cautionary note to make certain — before you’re too old — that your orchid collection is given ‘pride of place’ in your will. And to make provision for its immediate care after your demise. They go on to say that while we grow and care for our orchids we pay little atten- tion to how they may appreciate in value. I’m sure most growers see money as a sec- ondary consideration, that is until a bank Statement can give one a rather nasty shock! Did I REALLY spend that much on those new plants? However, we all know the growing of these beauties brings great relaxation and pleasure. Joan Burke 23 Duncan Drive, Pakenham Vic. 3810 26 Rare Orchid Zone Blasted by Danny Rose (The Mercury, Tasmania — 8th September 2004) fter defending its use of dynamite in a Tasmanian World Heritage Area, the State Government has confirmed that a threatened species was living in the blast- zone. The Snug Greenhood orchid (Pterostylis atriola), which is listed as an endangered species and found only in Tasmania, is known to grow in the Blowhole Valley of the Southwest Wilderness World Heritage Area. State Government spokesman Craig Martin confirmed yesterday the orchids were growing in the area where 13 holes were blasted recently to create water catchments. This followed an allegation by Greens leader Peg Putt that dynamite was used without proper departmental talks involv- ing the State Government’s Nature Conservation Branch. “The Nature Conservation Branch was consulted,” Mr Martin said. “And every step has been taken to ensure the orchids were not affected.” The Government has announced the water catchments, each about 2m wide, would be used during a controlled burn-off to address the fire risk to bushwalkers. Mr Martin said the burn-off would also help regenerate the orchids and encourage them to spread. Ms Putt said yesterday those who approved the blasting of the holes did not go through the proper procedures and it was sad and ironic it had come to light dur- ing Threatened Species Week. “The Snug Greenhood is only found in Tasmania, in six small sites,’ Ms Putt said yesterday. “One of which is in the Blowhole Valley and they could have blown it up.” a * The Mercury, Tasmania — 8th September 2004 VALE: John Gulbis t is with much sadness that I have to announce the passing of John Gulbis on Thursday 9th September 2004. John and his wife Melita founded CECIL PARK ORCHIDS back in the 1950’s. John started growing orchids at St Marys and eventually moved to the famous Cecil Park site on Wallgrove road. John and Melita were one of Australia’s greatest cymbidium growers and hybridisers. Over the years they made many hundreds of crosses. They pioneered the breeding of early export quality cymbidiums. Their Stanley Fouraker and Fred Stewart crosses became famous. Even their early diploid crosses using Kalang, Balbinus, Lirio etc produced export quality blooms. Over the years they exported to most countries of the world. Their blooms were sort after by most overseas importers. The clonal names like — Melita, Inese, Wallgrove and Cecil Park became world famous. John was very generous in his support to our local orchid societies such as Parramatta and District, Bankstown, Australian Cymbidium and Blue Mountains Orchid Societies. For many years he supplied seedlings to these societies for free, for their lucky door and raffles. He passed on cultural infor- mation to all who needed it. For those who visited the “FARM” always received a warm welcome and a cup of tea and a seedling to take home. If you arrived late on a Saturday afternoon near knock off time, a whisky or brandy was always on hand! When Spring and Winter Shows were on, plants were always available plus trucks to transfer the plants to the rele- vant shopping centres! In the early days he was one of the backbone members of the then Cymbidium Orchid Exporters Association. Without his support the packing shed would not have been built. Today the old “CECIL PARK” site is under the new orbital freeway. So itis no more. Some years ago John and Melita sold the “FARM” and moved to Castle Hill where he built a small hothouse and shade house to continue growing his famous clones of Phalaenopsis and cymbidiums. I for one am very grateful for know- ing the Gulbis family. I first met them at a Parramatta orchid society meeting in the early 60’s and as time went by I worked with John till the late 80’s. These were fabulous orchid years. Those years I will never forget, as this knowledge I now pass on to all growers —new and old. I will miss him as I still saw him on a reasonably regular basis and we still discussed the breeding of our orchids. One thing for sure, he will have a lot of orchids to look after up in heaven. God Bless — John. oO Alan and Miriam Merriman Email: mirannorchids@pnc.com.au The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Mick Keith — Townsville’s 2004 Australia Day Achievement Award Mi began his love and study of orchids, with their intricate and unique life-styles in 1960 with his first orchid plant, namely Cattleya skinneri. This orchid was imported from South America where it grew wild in the jungle. It is a very beautiful species of orchid with large clusters of mauve flowers. Mick was hooked and his orchid growing became his all-encompassing passion. His knowledge of orchids was growing and he joined the Townsville Orchid Society and soon became an active mem- ber, attending the study groups, general and committee meetings and field days. He would offer his backyard for the hold- ing of their barbecues or morning teas. He has since spent much of his life in and around orchids and orchid people. During this time he had established a full-time Orchid Nursery and a Plant shop, which his wife managed in Flinders Street West. His two sons were also involved and the nursery had a staff of ten including family. They had a large display of orchids and other plants at The Townsville Agricultural & Pastoral Association annual show for many years. He worked with the Department of Primary Industries importing orchids from other countries through his own Quarantine Houses. Keith’s Nursery imported orchids from India, Thailand, Singapore, The Philippines, Taiwan, Madagascar and other countries. They became Agents for Beall’s Orchids of Seattle, America. Keith’s Nursery had their own Laboratory where many orchids were pro- duced in flasks. These flasks and other orchid plants were distributed around Australia and exported around the world. Mick named some of his orchid progeny after members of the Keith Family includ- ing his Grandchildren. He began teaching “How to grow Orchids” classes with TAFE and later at the nursery where every- thing was on hand. Many of his pupils went on to join the Townsville Orchid Society on his advice and are still there today. He and his wife Thelma travelled to National and International Conferences and were well known to many orchid growers around the world. They attended the World Orchid Conferences in Bangkok, Miami, New Zealand, Scotland and Rio de Janeiro. They also travelled to overseas countries on buying trips or to attend orchid shows. When attending a Singapore Orchid Show, they distributed brochures on Townsville. At all shows he exhibited his orchids in Mick Keith receiving the award from Mayor of Townsville, Tony Mooney. displays from Keith’s Nursery, Townsville. Queensland. There was always much interest shown in this part of the world and it’s Tropical Orchids. They became Members of the then Townsville Tourist Organization and Townsville Travel League. In 1983 the Australian Orchid Conference was held in Townsville, this was the first time it was held outside a cap- ital city and in 1998 the Asian Pacific Orchid Conference was held in Townsville bringing many overseas and interstate growers to Townsville. Mick was on both committees for these conferences. During his life time in orchid growing Mick has achieved many awards for his orchids. Over the years he has had much publicity in Townsville, National and International magazines and papers. He has held many positions on Committees including President of The Tropical Queensland Orchid Council. He is currently the Patron of The Townsville Orchid Society Inc. Mick closed the nursery last year aged 70 and retired. However, he is still involved with the orchid world and com- municates with his many orchid friends around the world. Even now in his retire- ment his advice is sought. Mick still grows orchids with an impressive collection. In December 2003 The Royal Horticultural Society of England accepted the name Ascocenda Mick Keith. Mick Keith has achieved much in his lifetime. He was born and raised in Townsville. He became a Railway Engine Driver with a hobby of orchid growing. He resigned in 1972 to start up a full time orchid nursery and achieved so much in the following years. Earlier this year, Mick was presented with Townsville’s “Australia Day Achievement Award”, rewarding “Persons: that have made a significant contribution or exceptional achievement in a chosen field.” Obviously this was for his work and promotion of orchids, primarily in North Queensland. And living in Townsville has made it all possible. a Thelma Keith Townsville, Qld Stawell Orchid pocicly fl is Stawell Orchid Society is consid- ered to be the largest and most active country orchid club in Victoria. It recently assisted in the formation of the St Arnaud and District Orchid Society. At the recent AGM of the Stawell Orchid Society Inc., Life Membership was bestowed upon Mr Ron-Coppin, an inaugural member of the club who has been a very willing and dependable worker who performs many tasks behind the scenes. Club Patron, Deane Johnston made the presentation to Ron. B Barbara Welsh 39 Houston Sreet Stawell 3380 Vic The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 making the Life Deane Johnstone Membership presentation to Ron Coppin. (left) 27 Chocolate Drop wins first winter show striking Cattleya grown by Ron and Pauline Coppin of Stawell was cham- pion of Horsham and District Orchid Society’s first winter show. Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’ won against strong competition from plants entered by growers in Horsham, Stawell, Murray Bridge, Rupanyup and Marnoo. The one-day show, judged by Trevor Jacobs of Adelaide and Jim Shaughnessy of Mount Gambier, marked the society’s 20th anniversary. Ron Coppin phoned granddaughter Stephanie Lediott at Greensborough with the news that ‘Stephanie’ , named after her, had won the major ribbon. Ron said he bought the orchid about eight years ago and it ‘just sat’ among his collection until promoting its presence with a head of dark maroon and yellow flowers which bright- ened on maturity to a shining bronze-red and yellow. Judge Trevor Jacobs said the show had produced an impressive number and vari- ety of winter-flowering genera. He urged the Horsham society to think seriously about presenting an annual two-day winter show to complement the two-day spring show each October. Winter show ribbons Champion orchid, Cattleya Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’, R. and P. Coppin; reserve champion, Paphiopedilum, Via Hey, that’s my name: New members of Horsham and District Orchid Society, juniors Conor Lawson and Stephanie Johnston, admire the society's first winter champion Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’. — Picture, PAUL CARRACHER Paracombe ‘Adelaide’, E. and B. Kimberley; Cymbidium over 90mm, Kimberley Wilderness ‘Savannah’, G. and D. Hofmaier; Cym. over 60 to 90mm, Kiandra ‘Meg’, J. and B. Gay; Cym. under 60 mm, Cym. Artistic Impression ‘Snowdrop’, E. and B. Kimberley. Laeliinae, Cattleya Chocolate Drop ‘Stephanie’, R. and P. Coppin; Oncidiinae, Vuylstekeara Plum Fancy, E. and B. Kimberley; other genera, Phragmipedium Sorcerer’s Apprentice “The Tree’, B. and J. Scott; seedling, Dendrobium Brinawa Charm x Aussie Victory, B. and C. Walker; specimen, Vuylstekeara Plum Fancy, E. and B. Kimberley; pre-eminent orchid of the show, Oncidium Butterfly, M. and B. Matthews. | by Maurice Lawson Horsham and District Orchid Society Bill Lavarack with his AOF Award. 28 A Moment in Orchid History — Dr. P.S. Lavarack s “Bill” remembers it, his first orchid was Dendrobium tetragonum. That was when he was a young boy then living on the family farm outside Nambour. This intuitive collection led to a passionate practical and intellectually honourable career in orchidology, botany and environ- mental preservation. In recognition of the duration of his contribution, the range of his activities and the quality of his science, the Australian Orchid Foundation granted Dr. P.S. (“Bill”) Lavarack its Award of Honour at the end of 2003. Bill’s science degree was followed by two years completing first class honours in botany and culminating in 1972 with a Ph.D. From 1972 until his retirement in 2002 Bill has worked for Queensland National Parks. Several orchid species new to science and others not previously recorded in Australia were brought to light on National Parks and Australian Orchid Foundation field trips. These new record- ings included Dendrobium carronii, Cadetia collinsii, Bulbophyllum gracilli- mum and Pomatocalpa marsupiale. Versatility is also a feature of Bill’s work. Field trips, taxonomy, legislation planning, research and publication are prominent. As well as 50 scientific papers and a similar number of popular articles, Bill has co-authored four orchid books. Despite all these distractions, Bill enjoys his cricket and athletics coaching and his warm family relationships with wife Bev and children Belinda and Anthony. a J. Nuss 92 Curie Street Wulguru 4811 Qld The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 (uoyseq"V)"Y2IO UOZHOH MAIN (uoysez"y)PIONG append (uoyseq"y)HPPNG yapend auUOPUa,y OURMey auopuUa OURMey (uoysej"y)"Y21O UOZHOH MEN (uojseq"V)'U2IO UOZHOH MeN “yO vay Pune ae|D4 *yoio euldsajuand SPIYNO 49}S04 XeY uospieyriy'q Queqnyps'D iq)Aasinn s,Woo|g epewey Anunod plop SPIYDO 483}s04 XOY (uemq2W'S'M)J22Uads "Wi “YQIOQ UURWY>I\\ S|lq }@ Japues sply240 A2|siI (A/O)" yO WUeLUY>IM\, ojyeieg") (n/o)oweH T “Du] WeMays Jayemasaly'Yy uewa4 ims) (N/O)SHY Qpiwyrs oluojuy)eueiq’D (N/O) 4240 420 PAN yemjeAuanXkuoo0g ‘A *supD' YO eyNSeHY *sUPD "YO BYNSIeAY uay buayd ylyd uay> buayd yyd uayd Guay y!yd 4014 SIYO 4O}4 S140 “JO[4 IYO. “4014 SIYO “40|4 SIUO “SUPD"YUO eANSIEAY pnzns"y"D hnzns"y"D Anuno>d pjo5 Bun,-uanys buen ynzns"y"D. ojeueg"] JaqireO'W 8'u PYSM9ZIACS] PySMaZAAeS 7] abet, Aaya ‘wAD x yousaqed “WA abeI|IA WN} “WAD x Ja]Y2Ad “WAT wepq ‘wAD x Buayney “wAD Ayneag iy ‘(WAD x sseD [14d “WAD Huayne5 ‘wd x uljnedinD “wAD Jamo}|4 AN] “WAD X DIPOJPW “WAD jeysKiD ayy “WAD x auolB1015 “WA eyy oly “WAD x deq seyd “WAD winupjuoaap ‘wAD x luosuD! “WwAD allied U2|aH ‘DpO x eyeben Nyess| ['wPIW] 2H plod rIdwiAjo *py/D x sjinBeas nejooy 27 apiuasMp| ‘Jay x Aneag euley euly “‘Dp2sy pjnoouapo *j x doiq ajejO20YyD D pjoipod ['1d7] “ysq x [apjuostDY] DUDILOSLIDY “> apuow ['Yy27] ‘ysd x yeydel eyauUaH D [windsn20;0wsd] pdip20j;0Wsld [109] “Ysd x [apiuosiipy] puDjuosiDY “> apIpubjaD “> X S1eyS JawWWwNs “> pipauuajul > x epiy Ao|4 ‘D lpjodoa] > Xx D2DIJUDIND “D IZIIMAISIDM "> X UURWYPIM “H D ploweH *D x "pjodoay *D sjag Mog *D x [anjuos}DY] DUDIUOSHIDY “> eiqe4 ‘> x Jadoo piemp3 ‘D s|jaq MOg *D X S|jag SseDULd *D SSO|D $,njNq ‘D x essojbsajU] “D [apiuosisoy] pupjuosiuDY “> x yoyude| eyauuay ‘D Bangssajed qules ‘> x seg Gog D yesog AQueN *D X plug Dd pyns “7 x Ofoy 27 yeas] JO YUL *27 X [WN2}DWOsD] suaquinoul [d3] 37 jeans ovof “ws}> x Wnyojn2Ipuaddo “ws} Ujaal s,uobeiq “Ws}} xX OOPOOA XOJUMOID “WS}D JajjaNW pseyriy 7g x doig ajejoI0yD *D iyseAegoy UlsJ “2/g X SNO!DIJaQ OURDdOA 2g J3]QqoD Yyread 2g X WNId INE 27 Aqny Bundues 2g x uN eIYD 27/2 aue|4 yooudy 2g x yeaXunyd 7g usando Bbuojuiys 2g x yeaXunyd 27g arejy jooudy 2g x buisy OH plod 27g qyByuns eisy 2g x UaYD oeIW\-URNY 2g ury ely 27/9 x Ayneag uyelyd 2/9 aue|4 yooudy 2g x Huoyywue) 2g yeakuny 2g x Aneeg uenA MeH 7g jasu] Uawn|g ‘Wg x SsaruLg BeUeIeM 2/9 HID uapjoD UeMIL 2g X POD PIPLEM 2d JasuNs PyDLEM Ig X BY puati4 AW 2g IOV alyso] “Ig X lueUeY| IeWapy 2g pupiayjom “> x Aepuns 2g Ayneag uap,-Huez| 2g X Ral!eM\ 27 yeakunyD 2g x tULeURY| JeWapy 2/9 OUIYDUOID OYaqoy “Ig X OSOpseD OVaqoY 2g psopou “g x aewing shpe|d 2g Buos s,njnq 27 x wueyd pue|s| 2g eBeunyo| ajjaue{ ‘3g x Asay sAapauig 27 Apueig Auayd uaand eded plop ede> Apues ede equaying ede> eW 12D plosaysy 12A eplly niueply WnidlaWAd aunuejed WyI0ed VuVYNYWI10D sinBeas a1dwA|Q vavayyv1D puoweiq SOd VavalLSIdHD abey aul IV VITDALVD z POY J2x124S g dain{ ww z Yul 2UO aN!T VIHDAFILLYD yods Jawwns 4a61) Mous g Wed eyed » 618919150 puedoaq z S188 Rion A2|s|l p UURLIYDIM “H Isaueq|y JeWwoIND sso]5 Assoj5 z Apequiiy ois|3 ¢ 29D Ayyed , URWa4 ssag VAFILLYD eynioloy 1)6uy uAsg Jo Uos!Aeg UYO[ VITIVIADLYD auorII4 “Gg *D BEHOWa\\ yepebur uaey WNLISVLVD Jul) UeN URN, JaPUOM OULI|O/A Jama OuRDr/0A Japuom jaiyd ebejl!A Buuund jaryd ebel!r eueueg jaiyd abejl!, leg MOIRA UEMIEL uobejg uemiey HID Aneag uemiel yooudy uemiel jebuy uemiey 1wunzoy oepey Be|4 MO}JA $,P{NZNS auuabuel s,1ynzns¢ aie]4 pay s,INZzNS rem Aepuns Pjo5 ueef-uanys pynzns obupoy seysneyeieg Oaqoy Wwealg sieway jeBns puejpay PPepls pue|pey (panunuor) YAFTLLVIOITIVIOSSVYd Ad GaysLSID3Y¥ SDVLNAYVd AWVN DySMOZI4eS "7 DySMOZIeS "7 DySMaZseS "7 DSMAZILS 7 DJSMOZI2S "7 DJSMAZILS "7 PIsMazIyxeS OUWW3H | Kasse; u0g Kaneig 327 BulW 18M yppnd Anuno>d pjo5 1eBen 1ysoAly (lea TMuMoig [SW SPIO J2}s04 xay 1PySM9ZI42S"7 ade}D4 6uny 6un7-1n{ Aynunod pjo5 Sply4O 20x (N/O) YO sused Anunod pjoy (uewn7¢ 9'a)z221NNG’ DV (N/O)PIsmez4eS "7 Preywoig [oO (A/O)sPIy4O 423S04 xOY yemjaauanduoog ‘A 1ysmezi4eS"] Wyezaio[ ueua4 uoy 1e\\ MOH (qqem’d)1905'[ iyonexe1"y (eueyny)enyrs"3 “you euldsayuand (n/o)sobing'0 (n/O) YO euldsayuang “yo1O euldsayuang (A/O)"y40 euldsajuang Ausa4 s,Aajiauig “27 x Jauey UapjoD 27g a|]eZUaP]OD 2g x Ayneag spuejpay 2/9 yeaquunig ‘27 x auO0\siaUsO> 2/9 Ausa4 s,Aajiauig “27 X es] Juno; 2g JBULeW UBp|OD 2g x JesUNS aualas 2g Osea BUIYeY “2/g X BUO}SI@LIOD “2/g yasuns auasas J/g x ajjaZUapjoy 27g suyof ueIAIA “> X Pilg 2A07 2/9 uealfs Juno: 2/g X sajesoy uldsuD eLOWAaY\ 2/g yeay-uael5 "2g x [apiuosiuDYy] DUDIUOSLUDY “> Ayneag uljely 2g x ueMiel Jo bury 2/9 yeas] JO yDU] 27 x Aneag WHPNG Ig eiuuAD 2g x pjalys Yaseq 7/9 a|jazZUaP|OD Ig X e2eJOH *D es] JUNOW /g X POD MPIEM 2d Jauueyy 27 Xx ysnig ysAyJay. 2/9 Buos s,uey 27 x euNyO4 s,uaqny 2g punos 2A07 2g x seAI|O sluaq 27 uen, MeH “2/9 X 82eJD URNA EMH 7g lisaquoy ‘D x Aepuns 2g SSDULg 2f}}!1] 27 X UOjaUajen BbuLIO 2g Ayneag ejeqiuey 2g x 1yseAeqoy Ulsy 2/9 URAIIINS HELLD Ig X PlOD MEM Ig Japed) weaig 2g x eINWIy eUUOG 2g assaaq 2g xX aulYyD 27 pyosndund +7 X pjod HEM 2d pssojbo}sAyjawip “> X xeadq B]eUUId Ig Dsopou “g X UapMog aUJeAA aIUUOD Dg einuuly BUUOG “2g X MOUS spue|pay “> uojsuyof ddiy > x esoulg 2g ponojb [‘}y¥] "g x ye10g AnueN > psopou ‘g X DuDI.IDUI *g DIOpoU! ‘fg X DUIYIUDUA} ‘1g uesnia| ‘ping x [Djj2}0/2A2 se] suapunds “y0g JPAJeA WNL ‘oprsy x syods uapjoy ‘pprsy 004 AbBag ‘ppasy x aun{ awepew / Ayneag lusuoosy “‘pprsy x suarsajnlao> A 004 ABBag “ppasy x yybijaq AeW A pubuapups ['onq] ‘A x Ae; s,004 ‘pprsy Ayneag yseayynos {A X pjOdD euley euly ‘pry Jaary pue|pay quabay pue|pay 2ISNW pue|pey 6ulpue] puejpay Wan pue|pey yewojdig puejpay qybljeq pue|pay SpOD JO UsvanH yoeoiddy ajeuoisseg z Aereig eiopued Ayneag ainjey yesuns piwen AauiyM JUNO, OIYSO OYOJIH PEUOWAVYy uuew}y Uua]5 eHOWs)\ weaig sJauueyy auNYO4 s,ueW Aog 6uiybneq uaal5 s,bu0y Jeanse4 Ajunod pjo5 Sled 2WNoxy Ayneag uy UOHOH PA Aaiyng Ayjo10q ssedkg sBuiuuibag ysnig ysAyjawy VAFILLVIOITIVIOSS VUE pyesawy ueN uen, ayjeloos pue|pey ojoweyes UUAT Ie] 1 ales “D a2uaso]4 VAFILLYDOSS Vad eindebuls VIOAYSSVud 00D uuy aue{ VINVNIYdI9 a2ueg ooquieg wnyaniadya uJOg\sul4 S,aNYyIS sojues sop ejneg qshyjawy s,opueyiO Kew s,004 Ajneag aundipaueg Ayneag euley eulry VGNIDODSY (ryezeuutys fresno, pay Jo pue|s| 247 x sopny [pAy] ys2buy ynod 40 puejs| 40 Buno,y uingny ‘247 x uaaineyy }s2buy quowneag ILSVIOINONY (n/ojewbe,'L 1ays}ay “Wy X WOply-OJOWOUZ Wy nyelues VWOILSOLINV puerjpoom s4@3 pNojDd DUO x |JOH euapLeW “DsszW Jabe, aseyd vavaoiiy “yO vay PUNeW SY9g UIJPH “PPO X UIYDN Pep|iD ‘wpsig xopeleg 2yIDeg VaVesJONVXIIV (ynsius*s)webuedueyd'W DIOYINUI Jay Xx Sisuaiqoly Jay asoy Buruey> yeyuons S3qid3av (umouyun JoyeUIBUO N/O) A@ G3Y¥dLSIO3uy JOVLNAYVd AWN SpUgAH PIy3O 40} Ao ny uoNeNsiBay JeAn|ND jeUoeUsa}U] se AYaID0¢g jeANyNINIOY JeAoy ayy Aq paljddns SNOLLVULSIDaY FOOT Ain{ - Aew SGRIGAP] GIHOYO ANN 29 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 PIy210-|2D piy40-|2D PIYO-|2D piy240-12D TESTING] eiequeg e]UeS (n/O)PIeyworg''O (Buno,*y)uojueys"y SIIFH'D Bueyd nys Bue, 6uny buer ony J9IIIN"H UYof 4/4 SIO “40/4 SIYO UISH Uay>-eI4> ulsH uayd-e1YD us uayd-e1y>, Wwya}y"{ plowy wyapy{ plowy daquy 24IDeg 1dz x MO|D ebueso 147 BWE]4 WyjlDeq IZ X [ID DWyI9ed 107 HID DyIdeg 107 x Jaquiy IyIDeq dz Aal|eA uns dz X J0j0D Weaig OwWso> dz [winyjAydojouu!] winsonxay ‘1dj x ezejg eBuesQ dz tAinquoy [143] -7 x Dubasoow [149] -7 suarsa}aDJq “J x [Win2!jDWOJD] suaquinou! [107] “7 eqnd [109] 9 x oi0j0 [143] J piiduipa “201q x sobib 201q Jabeuew obos ‘sdjg x usasb1en3 Me; Bueyd joyd eysesey menuny jyoYg x $405 OBos ’sdiq asoy WUNId ‘sdig x ISIW sexe] ‘joYd aug Buds 1903 “sdig x Ajpayjng y2eI1g ‘sd7Ig aqeurjem eW JOU x Ajiaying y>De1g ‘sd}q Ssappod Jay Buryd yoyg x azulig Buids 419Aq ‘sdiq Ayneag epie| *sdjq x 4a40aq Uapjod ‘joYd 4ax0ad Nes }OYd X pay ZaWOD Jayjosg “sdiq ssadong Jayjiorg *sdjq x uiByaams Auuly ‘sd}q aug psedoay *sdiq x D1uossadns Jayjog ‘joy SUOZHOH DYIDeg JOH Wylde Aojy dyed Asequej 2y1I0eg aze|q SAJAJ!9N WNYGNIdId4d awinped Jawwns alxig YRUURARS UOSWEI||IM\ UO}|24 VITDADNI plueAisuesy vinovaa Josadwy xig-Q, Ayjo1og ulys Bulk) uun}g sexay Bury uemiey Aysayng uemiey Moquiey yduds uz}neiq yduds pay zayoD yduds yaams J9}S1S psedoay 43}sIS W'H uyof yPaljuauUOS ‘oYyg x Aqny euljoieD ‘sdjq uauuos Aqny (uos}eny'q)eapIMpLOM asoy epley ‘sdiq x aue> Apued s,auojswia5 ‘joy UIqIOD jaeyrIW (n/o)Apesg-ueuuy J9PUOM AY ‘sdig x UvaNH Nejeyxey ‘/OYd ulf aa Aespury‘d asoy epiel ‘sdjq x OWIssIeWS BAIW JDYd 4ajmo4 Aespur] Aeyy 421A" UYof asoy Wid ‘sdjg x apne|d-aueyW Jayjo1g joy asoy aueW (eayauUa7)y21Mpeyd'y syooig Aue yoy X Mous uadsy ‘sdjq souejuno;, auey epurq 4e> Bury puowrig ulo{ joYyd x JapUoM ODnNsIe| ‘sdjg Japuom Je> Bury Je Bury Weal }S2104 /ODYd X JaPUOM ODNSIe] ‘sd}]q Aoa| se Bury de> Bury aWIYNNAesYs joYd xX JaPUOM ODNsIe| ‘sdIg a2ei5 seD Bury de> Bury Jabuy ulof sdjg x sapuon Odnsiey ‘sd}g o1ajog Je> Bury de> Bury upipejeey Oonsiey joYyd x JapUOM ONsIe] ‘sd}g apuewayly Je> Bury oOyxey'S yaqnyrs yyauuay ‘sdjg x ainsead, Weis ‘sdjq idedey nM siaeq obos ‘sdiq x uno; auiddyjiyg Aol ‘sdjg siaeg auiddijiyg Aof nM '[ a2ulg pledoay ‘sdiq x yYbijaq Buuds 4903 oYyg sahq puedoay Aof nM | eipuessed yoYd X [JID buei{ yn ‘sdig [LID eupuesse> Aof "YO ulo[ aoe ulof joYyd x Kof eduejqesed ‘sdiq Buuds ulo{ “yO ulof a2eID ulo{ yoYg x jabuy ulo{ ‘sdiq quids uiof "yO Ulo[ jabuy ulof ‘sdjg x Bury ulof ‘joyg [ead Ulo[ wya}y"[ plouy aA3-s|INg aslysdwiey *sdjyg x juibyaams Auul ‘sdiq LID Jaams aiysdwey uuewasney dunuaye, s,buny ‘sdig x aduyskpued oonsiey ‘sdiq ary RUIN Aesputyd siaeq oyu ‘sd}qg x DsoUaA *}DYd yeuxiey Aespury uy "yao Aany Buiyd asoy epiey ‘sdjq x Jaduads Aen ‘sdiq je10D s,Aanubuiyd nq Bui,-esy Piqaily Oonsiey ‘sdjg x auNnuajeA OYUIW ‘sdjg anaams uoidweyd nq buip-asy iByaams Auuly ’sdyg x dry eiysn ‘youd 49A07 uoidwey> J9INW'H UYol asoy WUNId “Sdjg x JOD aU0}$ }OYq winid 146g Buaqsuip’H yiBpej5 Auury ‘sdyg x di qunoy ‘sdig uleyUNOW pe|D psojpag (uoja|puad'W)psepag’y asoy s,bueiys Bury ‘sdig x ade |10q ‘sdig 1621S alppy SISAONIVLIYOO Jaj]N4°D yasuns psiq x Aeg s,Ayjag psig Jaduey wif 4o|AeLH"H sisuaMay DSI X Jayrdey JURIPeY DSIG a2iung 413A3 J9|jN4°D HUOS}eAA DSIG Xx JaXaWIUA OSG Jadiey asiolz palpury'y sisuamay DSIG X SaMAD Yeqoy DsIG yequays yooudy Polpuly'y sapiojpjadiy psig Xx yasuns DsIG wossojg ajddy ysid aydejo4y esoigng ‘> x Ao] JaAyis 2/01 J9xLI\ JBAIIS VAFILLYDOITIVIVIG OwWa} "| ysoi4 jaBuy syon4 ‘oprsy x snua, joYyd eyouaues VvaVvxnidsAId uluulx yUlq Bueny ‘vag x esasay Jayjow “uag jooyrs Aiepuoras ulwuly ney" pay udp ‘uaq x as} Jadns ‘vag neq weus (20H Buay Yyor)6us*) Olwy ‘uaq X Jaysuabio- ‘uag Bus uojskoy (n/o)6u0 DL Ud UeIDN] “uag x Japids y>Qe/q ‘Wag Japids yuld nunuweyis"y als sndsIdueds4 ‘uag x Japids y2eI1g ‘uaq nyes eieyuesnn Vayan'q leseues “ag X Ue}I| ‘Uag 1eIeUUL] S,UaylaN VYajian'q lesewes ‘uaq x Jaapulay UelIeMeH “Uag HeseUlaY S,WaslaN (panunuo2) WAIZOYGNIG Ad G3v3dLS1IDIY ADVLNIYVd JWVN Vaj!eN'G (Buas aayy BN) Buag uo, uooyd wue4o'doly (uosuppem’y) “0S YO OCOJBULLM (aueye4 >; Uasey) *20S"YIIO OOJaULe wyapy{ plowy Sply4O Wad ney yf ney (Buoy LN) yobesiy'4'S yoBesiy'A'S (staing Numoig [SW nunwe|lis"y qunwejis'’ qunwelis'y 16610150 ney" “YdO suseD “SINN’|4 UBIeMeY (eAtey"y)spiy2410 290xZ pluBuesaayy's (swung Numoig’ [SW 30H Buay yoy Bud 'L (y10 9¥)P00Z'N'0'1 "YO OIA Ul jaddoq'w Yosol4M Jarew'y (n/o)nPENG (n/o)weud' Ww SuUO| Way) OuRMey (uojsez"y)'Y2I0 UOZHOH MaN (uojsez"y)e1N}|NINO}4 (n/oynpPna pela (n/o)uauelg’t (uo}seq"y)'20S*WAD a2ruedOL (uojse3"¥)"4Y240 UOZLIOH MaN (uo}sez"Y)"Y2IO UOZLOH MON (a|s20y'a)IIEH'D8'W (uojsez"y)esn}NIHO|4 BiN}|NIHO}4 (uoysez"y)nPPNG auoPUayy OURMey ourmey 142141, iypueig’| (uojsej"y)"Y210 “OZOH MAN ouemey 121y>IW 3209]V 19}s104"[ (uojse"V)"Y2IO UOZLOH MaN peyse||a4 (uojsej"y)"4Y210 UOZLOH MaN (uojseq"y)soupbhg'5 (uoysez"y)"Y21O UOZOH MON (uo}sez"V)"Y2IO UOZLOH MAN (uojsez"V)"YIIO UOZLOH MeN append ouemey PIU (uo}se9"V)"4Y2IO UOZLOH MAN yPPNG (sBury23nH‘D)"Y240 UOZLOH MeN (uoqsez"y)'205"tuAD adueO] (uoysez"y) PONG Ad GIvILSIOIy Meys a]eq Jequiy ‘uag x JUe2S}2eMs 2/1317 ‘ag api||iuus “Uag X WNsoa}2D/q “uaq asuapqo} “uaq X WNSOUIOY ‘uaq |]242A9q BAeq PLOWAY ‘Uag x sseduULg UesYd “Uag MOUs UWUNNY ‘Uag Xx UOIYsey UWWN{NY ‘uag oq Buuds -uag x ulbui, Ajaaoq ‘vag abpeg poy ‘uag x Aben euly ‘vag pay uidy ‘vag x apug Buuds vag OWOXOy “uag X Nieyoy eYo|Y ‘uag ayy eueing ‘uag x [Aqeg a}1yM] UeyxeIUOW “Uag wad eAelg OeYyD ‘uag x Huey Ae] ‘uag tuulbin5 ‘uag x Buojy-bury ‘vag upjnob ‘uaq x ais Ax>1y “ua xijay “uaq x als AxD1¥ “uaq SUAAD|JOAIDJOIA *uaq X HIpulu “uaq g/Iqou ‘uaq X asipesed [Pua “uag as} sadns ‘uag x 1yeseben ‘vag SUM Wasey ‘uag x eMeH-bef ‘vag Bury ane ‘uag x pjeseBen ‘vag poomyeay ‘uag x ejauoig Aqeg ‘uag [ean Ae; ‘uag x aiej4 ey2nuy ‘vag Buom-bury uag x snowe|5 ‘vag yeusiy JOON ‘uag x naiujye; eww “uag eIUOS “uag x Japids yUIg “Uaq ay4e1G atwo] ‘uag x anj|g 1YsoAly ‘vag ajnp2p “dA> x apuibas ‘dA> snjoazjo2 “dAD x ejasid ‘dAD [uyqiwus] |, winjorizj02 “dA> x asualyanjuay “dAD uinoiaqy *dA> x suarsagnd sen wnsoyiAind *dé> uinjojadiupjd sea winsoyiAiod ‘dA> x soyjupsopu *dx> euuesay “WAD Xx OURO, “WAD Buresjabo, “wD x Aapy Jo apsed “wAD Jamo}4 Aa|jeA “WAD x 21poja- “WAD skujay ‘wAD x Buds Apeq “wAD AEM Bane] “WAD X Jyosqng eDISSa{ “WAD euuesay “WA x epRjod0Yy> “wWAD ulajepsey “wAD x ddny oquuif wA> ydney piuq ‘wD x jueag ‘wD JOYNW SsIP “WAD x epueINy “WAD nysupd *wA> x piley joad euoWway, “WAD obuel yseq ‘wAD x Jaqnel pseyriy “wAD SWe}4 aIMOA “WAD x abieg PaYy}OJOG “WAD JoyyiquuA> “wA> x ssayruig Arey “wiAD a1Be; sawing “wA> x Ayneag pay “wWAD Ainquay yey eyoway “WA x UMOIg aLa|eA “WAD RHO|D pay “wAD x dIPojayy “WAD skyyay “WAD x Wty “WAD ydney jead “WwAD x sryjeg “WwAD wunuub}) ‘WA x apedsed UapjoD “WAZ obeuey uueof ‘wA> x ajijosg payueyruq “WAD supbaja “WA Xx winudA2D4} “WD Jf Uaplod “wAD x Aog JeIUO]OD PIM “WAD pjesawuy oing “WAD x Wosuey Buidaays ‘wAD puabeq ryngey “wAD x yDe{ UoAeg ‘wAD winupluoAap “WA x 10}20q peW “WAD wunupiuoaap “WA x s{je4 AayfeA “WAD Apuesg Ausayd “wA> x Aemprey uorag “wAD winupiuoaap “wd x youeD Bulids “wD Ayneag pay “wAD x 20yD Aysny “wAD AYaM eine “WAD x ssa] jaZeH “WAD obue] yaans “wAD x Moleging ‘WA Huayned “wAD x pjoDd dIWSOD ‘wAD wnupluoaap “wAD x [wunioyipues6-o1moq] tuapas “wA> wunupjuodap “WA x asoy s,pue|buq ‘WA SOND S,H2!9N xa|/euoW umeg wntUal|IW) uosijy Bay euowayy |]249A9g vAeg PLOWAYW 110 Ajaaoq Buneyd esino7 Ne] Jajjo}sUyy neq epef jeep] winsny JON Je04 @Plid SUBIPZ iyBijeq sueyp3 Buruueyd sueypz soye> u0g neq jaiueq SYM UOY!|D peng eunsuyd abueso yung oyppng eyong ajbuaig moouf Yul, Ueg Buoys yeM uel ID>SV¥ lysiwaunArjesy WnlgO¥aNid yosyeqoy Hey “JOld yyeqsr] uuy 21|n/ a 6 IRN Rew WNIgIditdAD 4addod r1ue2/0A, apsed weujaiA paa2ons youe> BHuuds euajas 2oyD Asny sa}e5 Apeadg g idney pead emeyifey ed pure] ysued PULRIA PIO awely WYSiupiy, AOWeW Aneag 21bew MO|5 3327 aonsn{ jr] Uaa1D |njAof g Yueld “M1 Jabiy uapjo5 AaljeA euapiey Z POD 4938104 49x221D ePUO|{ 4e1S pjesowy epeqdow Yip uoaag 10}20q s||24 UoAeg Ausayd uoraq youed uoAaq Ayneag Buipeq azeag Alleq asioy Azei> Ayneag D1Ws0> sburyr3ny $119 emexifey a2UaIe|> uosaqoy [neg ‘WAD x BHulssos> 2nuUeNYy “WAD JN 20yD (panunuo>) WnIGIgWAD ADVLNAYVd IWVN The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 30 (-yau9 1A-ulys)enH Bury Cydu0 1A-ulys)enH Bury> (ya40 WA-ulys)enH Buly> e040 Hoy JIIUUOW'D, (n/o)e040 Hoy weyieg’y uiqqn2W"T (1yseAeqoy)exesemy ‘1 (1weyeiny ryeiyso,)emebeyxen’y (guand"[-Yy)[NW] PY sPIyzO (n/0)2y!12324 uuewps3'[ 33° (asapaajag)uiqqnd>[ 40 buno,’y wya)y"{ plouy eyesem|'| eyesemy (1 eyesemy'| eyesemy*| eyesemy*L (n/o)exesemi'L JaIUUOWD JaIUUOW'D JauuoW"5, JaIUUOW'D, eny buiy> eny buiyd eny Bury> eny buiy> eny buiy> eny buiy> eny buiyd enH buiyd | (oyey'A)exnsyyrTy wya)y"f plousy (1wuexesn"A)"SINN !4W0}YO noyybual,’O (Y240 LA-noyD)eny Buryd (eyosy edeg)'y2JO epemns (guand [-y)[NWIPH sP!4240 wy2)y'[ pjouy \ wya}y"f plowy OuWWaH'[ Anunod pjo5 ISMOZI4LS "7 “yO kay Pune “yO key Bune (ojoweWeA ex2}IYSOA)DLL’N (QjowewWe, eHeWYSOA)eL’N “yO Ray Bune] *ydJO vay Bune *ydJO Pay eUNeYy puelpoom, “yO kay eUNe\ pue|poo epowoy'| Ppowoy’| Ape pues s,y}00g “ydog x a2uads Ausal ‘ydog aiqeoew ‘Yydog x yeay ewe|4 ‘ydog yeay awely ‘ydog x Jase IA-ulys “ydog tel eIA "ydog x a1owoydos “ydog uinjnjojjaq *ydog x aqeoud *ydog Auoaeg “"ydog x purjAos) ‘ydog ajduias tuoy “Yydog x tiysuod *ydog eyaye7 “Yydog x yeplaN “ydog Ajadeys “ydog x y2e|g 12}2q ‘Yydog winjmojjaq ‘ydog x 1ydjaq ‘ydog winyjubiaiul ‘ydog x a2ue\suoDd jan “Ydog Jaqybneg s,Ja||IW ‘ydog x usnqiog ‘ydog wnwissiynsuly ‘ydog x asuauiddijiyd ‘ydog eyajoueD Aed ‘ydog x apisayeq ‘ydog wnupipjiyasyjol *ydog x usaque] 21Bey ‘ydog nbutyodojoy *ydog x psenbue, ‘ydog PHOM 3eaJ5 “Ydog x pom j|eWs ‘ydog PHOM |1eWS “ydog x Jamo Buims ‘ydog aaques ‘Yydog x sejjaH ‘Yydog Aunsaq ||AaadL “ydog x je uals ‘ydog yso104 DIdWIA|Q “Ydog x ad10Y4D y2e|g CAYO] "ydog uosiaa] wif “Ydog x MoID sawe{ ‘ydog asuaodyou *ydog x jaqes| Apeq ‘ydog nuossaua ‘ydog x euleyjaq “Yydog uinaaiu “ydog x yre1aeN ‘ydog asuauiddyiyd ‘ydog x aqaoud ‘ydog a1BeW Copoo, “Yydbg x sesing “ydog psedoaq Aqny “ydog x qa Bulkuisy “ydog psedoaq Aqny ‘ydog x Auayd 216ew “ydog piedoaq Aqny ‘ydog x aeipne; “‘ydog a1Bey| Oopoo, “ydog x 2A07 ysul4 “Ydog UOW eunq ‘Yydog x apeawry ‘ydog psedoaq Aqny “ydog x e2edssaqh> “ydog psedoaq Aqny “ydog x asuaunysuam “ydog wad uaaly Aljof ‘ydog x yDeI1g Jalad “ydog sapyoes4 “ydog x yybijaq Addey -ydog luossaula “ydog x Jauo}s ‘ydog 4ojouo) ‘ydog x pyiy> panods “ydog JOA JO pleMpq 22ULg “Ydog x uRMIeL “Ydog asuaodijou “ydog x No1eAeg “Ydog uinaalu ydog x a2uUe\sUOD Jain “‘ydog ayeaua|5 “ydog x awosamy Ajjeyol “ydog winuiyjnuiud *ydog x wnysnuaa ‘ydog Moquiey 1Ue]IWOY| ‘2/9 X JON AYM ‘DUI Aepuns ‘2/9 X JON Ay “0UID ude> ‘puj> x May S,|2q ‘2/9 auysnyj| 2UO x Aqeg Aueys 2Uu0 winigojiysoy [‘Wpo] UO x qwbijeq Burjddry s,uoy [3/W] 2v0 DAPM HRSI| DUO X WN}DjNIDW DUO 923g DUOC X JaAlY UOC IUD [ausorjun] nuso21Buo] 2uQ X JaANYy UCOW 2UO HYLOMsaLeYD “Dp2uQ x Jasuns eaxndng [wp] 2UO oquui{ [sung] ‘opoud x ajueyngag [‘pujpo] 2uO OJaUUOD “WpO X Ue} INeW “II windsid “wpoQ Xx Xaw2eW 2UO aqueyngag [‘2ujpo] ‘Quo x Zuemyds Aajueg “wipIW Aqny umejpoo ‘WW X 2A0D s,Apues 77]! UeLUSUT] PJOWY “YI X ON|d IW uewsur pjouy yiy x ewedibns Ley) IW 916e9 1A-ulys Apued 1A-UlYs addy 1A-ulys sBuly 0385 Uylus jjepuey Axjoaeg asudins s,ayIN Axeje MeN JeAnsa4 ouryseeN qWBijaq emebexen PUDSOIW, Wwuwunig pseuoa] euOWay\ aiyAW aAeg PLOWaW\ ey9427 auapneyreg e7 puend J0joy PHOM eyNs}ey Jamol eyNs}ey, Auoyduifs eyns}ey Aio|5 einsyey 4sa104 BYNS}e> MOJD bYNSILy Apeq queubelg s,wel Aipayng yUld s,wel jebuy yuUld s,wa| I!Ud aqeoud s,waf euiny BurAuisy gqemAqny BurAuisq Ausayd Aqny Burkuisy piedoa] eeipne~ BulAuis}y 2a07 BuAuisy yjowewur] BurAuisy psedoaq Jaqh> Buikuisy Aysaying Burkulsq snua, 14211 sapy2e44 uM Addey nz| |10G Bye4eH PIY2s0}05 puowelq !A-noy> JapuoM aseuiyd Ipulg ua] awosamy wya}y “f plouly WnN1IdidOlHdvd RLO}DIA RII! Sadly BL3IS May puL|pay VuvVlLO wunipejed 2y!Ded Aasieg 2y1ed Buds resi a2vaq bu07 lysnuaueboy Wn!dIDNO D1Ueg Wye uebeg 2!I9eq YdOIdIONO Jayseqe|y 241I2ed VINOLNOGO aew Adsu> WNIdIN0LNOGO abeg 2yIDeq WNIGINOLIIN BAO0D S,PUL|POOM, ouebeg UaAa}s uebeay pyeuoy (panunuor) yINOLTIN Ad G3YdLSIDIY JOVINIYVd AWYVN Vesen'd Ppowoy’| epowo>’| puel|poo\ (mo7's)sewoyq'y (‘y19 Buag 3a,)6ulA47 sp!y21O 2x3 jediatd (n/o)sIl2H'D (au0Z pry24O)epeylemped 1 2549'S pinznsA pInznsA Sp1y210 0x3 pynzns "yD PDIMpeyD'V pynzns"y"'D SPIUDJO 49}S04 xy Oud} "[ (n/o)weybuig-y (@1quied'4)pAog’M SIN (eBeunyo)"y)saulad’H'W "4ydIO ax2NI8N7 (n/o)owweH | uiqqn>2W “YIO UUPWLDSI\\, NWY"H 0j011e97] (eduaime74ayweybuig'y (N/O) YUO sued (N/O)'YUO sused "YO susle> "yO susie> UaylaN'd Ja1uuoW"5 (N/O)SH4Y 42a} 01g-pue|Mo7] (spugdy WeMeH) *SUPD' YO eyNs}exHy (s,ueuudig)}UaUY YY piy240-12D piy40-[2D piy40-12D ply240-12D BAD sApues IW X asaparjeg “JW OUC [Red WIW X URW) INeW IW OQUQ [Lead “IW X UANA SP|OUPIN 3//W Aqny ume|poom ‘IW X NINjOUOH “I/W fepsea weybunjiyd] yynowauAl Wy x [anseD pso4] Aeg NOWIa WW sdiyspuais4 aAl4 ‘02sDA x IA UX MOH [DWH] IZW DIDS “XD X h DgjD0a}N] ‘xOW Apue> neyen, ‘psow x Aqeg sens ‘pso-w DJDIININD “psoy x [eeIS Uley ‘PSOW puedoay aixig ‘psoy x [siup}/1W/] DauID202 “pso-W ZZN4{ Dead ‘PSD X DI/JajU}S ‘PSO-=W uinbajey “psow X x20}1Ng apne ‘psoy pysinbxa ‘psoy x ees Arey; ‘psoy |b 200006 “psoy x jabuy Jeddo> ‘psp; myjamod “247 x pjjAydosoou “947 Uauulys “DAT X seplyy ‘DAT fh 23N20 *p}Y7 X f Mpajssa0 “D}Y7 OsseD seiq aso{ 27 x NyNZNs OD1Yso, 97 p\DIqD] “> x A>e\s23 27 doig a}ejo20yD *D X PyNZNg OD1YsOA “27 JayaIY MO}}2A 27 X H}ajUOD D sag MIy 27 x sso] Assojp D psoiqaua} *7 X UYyof a2uULg “> pulyjupx *7 x sIpjodoay “> sda2up *7 X JOU 2A07 27 Zynys awosal euowayy > x JOU, aA07 27 sua2saqni "7 X ay2MNUy ‘D sjods pueyyBiy > x sakay ue 27 essiia 27 x eeu 27 uyog yyeqezify Ale; 27 x DUDLay/OM aulyD 27 X apeJO 27 O1qaua| dU 27 X Sag Gog D ASHding PYDVEM JOd X PNA “DIY, asudins nn, ‘DA/ x JasUNS DIR Ig yesuns pn, “DA/ x Aneag uy 2g ysnig s,Jaquleg 2/g x JasuNS 1{NA ‘DA/ 119N,O ued 2g x axeyMOUS [7/9] 12Id osoyipunsB °D}/5) x DIDUGUIY “DY sisuaubuippup “ydnq x ossojbna -ydnz siuysnjod *s}2dq x auuogaljay °s}2d7 uinupipsojuin}s “1dJ X 421] JO 4214] 27 pupjndijyj “7 x winjojadibuo] 1dz eBaINYOH 147 x [ID WyIed 147 MO|D abueso 147 X eysIA DyIDed 107 HID WyDed Idq x eSIA WIDed 1dJ AajjeA 42S 147 x WIN Wded Idz BAOIAg SUaj!ON Heed IWIN [ead iInew Aqny njnjouoy z1 Jou psoy6ury}!4yD VINOLIIN ayles &7 sAuoujuy 3S VUVSIIZNIW yasuns ine;w VIMVTIIXVW Kem AW S,l2diaL SUIM UlDY psedoa] mous alxid 214M YyBingMeNn “Sd Apiny Apiny Ae, aysinbxq qniayD saddo> VITIVAJGSVW Aueboyew, PjoD uoneyw] ALSYDAT ypads pjo VILYVHYDOT1 rnzng ober Asay ZUIaH eSaJaL 43S pay s,rynzns ysejj yesuns ayn jo Buos 01 C’qeueal a2uUud 9 PAog UOLON Jaulad aii aue}4 S,axo2nenN7] seg M1 ugand ajbun{ Lp SUQT UURLLaH eyope- [Nzy addy epueuy o1 UPIINW eyauy VAFILLYIONNIVI asidung nA yesuns PNA Supe, eine ajyuns Auey vuvaaANHOl APM S42 /19N VayOVNVMI 4e}5 Jab, s,uaf VIULLOJIVD uosiAeg uyof VIHdO1NI ayisayseg SLLDWdld3 PU] OULI]OA, VAFILLYDONNIV dF Apued jabuy s,yues4 VITIV1Id4 BIZZIS Wyle asoy IYIDPd syeHBnn 2yDed adodsapyey 2yIDeg (panunuor) WAYGNIId3 Ad GIvILSIDIY ADVLINIYVd INVN 31 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 yemjaauankuoog’A yemjaauanhuoogj yemjaauankuoogj, "SUDO 'YUO exNs}eExy *SUPN UO eyNs}exy uayD Guay y!Yyd Sp!y210 2190x3 lesnyoy, “40]4 SIYUO 0/4 SIYO “JO}4 SIYIO. ISMOZIALS 7 1ySMOZI4LS 7 I}SM9ZI4eS 7] D{SMAZI4CS 7 1SM9ZI4eS “7 a1eID4 iyonbel"y iyonbeL"y iyonbey"y ayle|ID4 Impey ney yT a2Api044 ay1eID4 iyonbeLy “YO ax2112N] (n/o)awbe,L (n/o)awbe,'L Gayrsty TNINWIP sp!y240 Gayrsty 1 DINWIPI sp!4u40 (ssay>Vv Aq'y240)' 440 4O PANT (oonsiey )bueyy‘L'A aynoda] jaTeW) Bueyd nys Bue, 6uny buen ony Buny buery ony “404 SIYO 4Ol4 SIYO JO[4 SIYO JO4 SIY3O (A/O) YO Uey-1eL UIsH UayD-e1YD, UlsH Uayd-e1Y>, ulsH uayd-e1yD ulsqH UaYy>- UIs Uay>- UlsH Ua4D-e1YD quadulA"] (uos}eM"d)2PIMPHOM, (uapfaH's)Aey2W'T'D (uos}eM"d)apImMpLOM uosdwoy|'q Sply4O Wad y29}01g-puejmMoy (UOWON'd'H)UNT Ja}ed J9|IW"H UYof Biaqsuld"H J9I|1W"H UYof uueuasney SPIYPIO 2N0xXZ ypimpeyd "Vv a2ejpay UIA 27 X yids 9a14 Jog Jayjany pseyrry 7g x Ayneag eueing “Jog yens Yaqoy euoway, 27 x yids 9a14 “Jog ueyw Ayonq 2/9 x eyNsJeyy ONY] “Jog pAog jazeH 2/5 x 1yseAeqoy ul3 “2g Janueg juebaly “Jog x AID neiwuUeND 27g Moquiey 1URIWOW 2g X 492ID Jayns 5 uoneuoso> jeyduuniy 2g x Aqny Buioueg 275 PlAIA Buoyurys ‘Jog x sles yesuns 2g yeaXunyD 2/g x uNs-J yey JOG uns-J je “Jog x Ayneag uen, MeH Ig 4ojAel Ayjes Jog x Ja-W JesuNS 27/g 4ojAey Ayes Jog x uuy est] 27 [}aA40D eure] “25 xX UMOIg UajayH PHOWaYW 2/g JPW Jasuns 2g x Jasiey ardAly “Og [|aA10D eure] “2g x Aeidseas s,apejbio 2/9 punos a0 7g x Jody s|inbeas 2/5 leg Apued 2/5 x aune{ euNnq “jog ssi jaBuy Jog x ase eYyoly 27 Weg Apued “2/5 x |J2> 2A07 Jog punos a0} 2g X aj] JO apuID 2S sopuajds eurjose> ‘jog x jaMa{ s,a61095 Jog wyuquers eney 2/5 x alysol 9/917 Od ye ojeyeW 2S x a|jazZUaPjODN Ig XPM UapP]OD IS xX HOV alysol 2g 20] pidnd Jog x yNy Apued *D DaUuIDIOD “§ X MOqUIeY |URIWOW 2g bupjuipyosny ‘jug Xx WopIy? [s14219] sug publynzns “Jug Xx Wopiy? [siy21Q] sug apassaq ‘bpsyd X ast4 Stayrsi4 ‘bsYyg avassaq ‘Boiyg x saiqny Jedng “bosyg aonuaiddy s,1a4aDJ0¢ “bosyd x Buno, 219 “boyd epatureyy ‘/oYyg X UeIPYOY ODNsIe] ‘}OYd Bally 704d X aqjeuejuo4 ‘oY Heysesey yueyuny joyg x Aqny sejeg s,6uny ‘yoyd sisuaqaja “}DYd X Ja409d UaP|OD DY Neyseiey wesUNy /OYd X JEWS 494}01g JOYd SIq| ‘yoy x Aurey utids 4903 “OYg SOY IIP-NOq JOY X Jax0aq Njes jOYd euppng lewiyd 7oYg x ades5 obos joyd 9285 Oonsiel yoYyd x Alo} ueMiel ‘/OYd saduys yr Aany yoy Xx Ziayasoy Oonsie ‘joYd puowriq |IPp-Nod 7OYd X ssaPPOd |Ip-Noq ‘JoYd 49403d MO]J2A ‘JOYd X Jax0Iq UEP]OD }oOYd 4eys sadng njes joy x Jax0aq Njes ‘joYd uns uaal5 joYyg x pidnys Jadns yoyg ung uapjo5 youd x 4e1S Jadns nes joy UNS UaaID OY X Jax0ag Nes jOYd ung uapjod ‘joyg xX D1UOssadns Jayolg ‘JOY 4e}S Jadng njes joyd x uNS UaalD ‘JoYd Hed 421g 704d X ePlid |IP-Noq }OYd NUUDUI *}oYd X D4YIjNd *}DYd sse] Ayuieg jpoyg x suog Buds joyg Asowaw Huojulg joYd X UOZUOH 24M /OYd uaiyd nq aliiesg OYg x UOspog sind }OYd pajupbi6 ‘joy X OWJaled Jajluual j}DYg enbeueyy ‘joyd x sods s,ejauued joYd Huo ep] oY X AlUaANOS PuR|Mo7 ‘}OYd eyppng Buiwey4 yoyg x aul Jaws ‘joYd syseds asad euang joyd x diZ Jayjo1g jOYd adi syasnyressew joYd X spael4 UIT BL }OYd assng eulbay euoWay ‘}oYd X PlOD ZIped ‘joYd aoe] Apued }DYd X DsoUaA “JOY SsIy INeW }OYd X dr] pay s,s }oYd seyel (ned yoyd x WyBijaq s,eusAly ‘}oOYd quidg uexy uen, 4e}S pjod ueN uen, aie[4 URN ueN, Ayo] Ouerr0/A [ezZe} OURDI]0A uMmouay Jalyd abeliA, moquiey ays} Aa]|eA Aqny jeyduinuy PIAIA URMIEL quids uemiey, Ayayng uemiey yasuns puejpay Aipuend puejpay abe purjpoy PW pueipey and pue|pey 3A0] 21d Apojaw ynedyned Ayonq ynedyned 9A07 Wed Nad aed eye yeueyy auyyeyS O1yexeW, uonesidsuy alyso| Uapjon Mouy pidnd 3y2Njanq 997 Jaydojysuyd VaVNILOd HWOp}y2-Ol!H Wopiyd-emeulHq SIHDYOUINOd abesw O14 S,JOYISI4 O19 -J28uV WNIdidINWOVYHd saqeg |IM J9YIBOYIS 10}21A, aixXid XIg-N oquing ulys bulky iy ulys BuikL buuds uemiel. yoooevag URMIeL adein uemiey a2e15 ueMiey asoy uey-1B) uandnez yducs 4a409qg Moja, YduAs 4eys sadng yduks aiding yduds abueio yduds nfueny yduds 1beq yduks fayureyd yduds uid yduds 3}2|020YD SSIMS uesns Aiowaw ay spuejuns PIAIIS pameleres Baay Jourey ley eyppng Jams MaIAPIyJO Aen S,asnyen ulydes asoy eHOWa)\ Pjo5 ajquiowayy ayun4 epUuljayy yeay new eID aiiy Ae (panuyjuor) SISdONIVIVHd A@ GIYILSIOIY JOVINIYVd AWVN uabpid’s Y39}01g-Ppue|Mo7 (uosyeM"'d)2@PIMPHOM JH UYyol (N/0)y240 1D oM'{ OM" OM nM OMT OMT OMT Buaqsuln*H *YJ0 ulo[ "YO UIOf “Y40 UI0/ *Y40 UIO[ (uos}eM"c)aPIMPHOM J2III'H WYO JO] UYo[ uueuosney ur] Ja}edg J2]"H Uyol wya}y"[ plowy wya)y'[ plowy buy'y (uoysia5 fwyaly[ plouy wya}y"[ ploy (uos}eM')aP!IMPHOM (00H Mais MC)buy'y suey 'y'[ suuey'y | (uosye\\'a)apIMPHOM, (n/o)suned aT “ydQ Any buryd (49H Buryd)s9i|as‘| 8"1 397 Bun 1M 327 Bul; 1a 997 Bui; lan 327 Buiw 1a, 337 Bui; 1a 397 Bul; 1a (n/o)sued ‘yt Gayjo1g)s9]/99"1 3°1 Gayioig)epAr'g WH uyo[ Buaqsuld'H Bsaqsuld'H (uosyeM'a)ePIMPLOM 327 Bul 19M uooyy bug uey wuya}y"| plowy Wuya}y"| plowy (n/o)exesemy 1 wya)y'[ plowy uuewpsz | 3°q (yaadD apse)ueymA'[Y wya}y'[ plouly oyipryey Cyaio tA-urys)eny Bury> Cyauo !A-ulys)enH bury> Cy tA-ulys)enH buiyd Cy tA-ulys)enH buiyd (YO LA-ulys)eny Buryd (yO tA-ulys)enH Buryd Cy tA-ulys)enH Buryd Cya0 -ulys)enq bury> Cyau0 tA-ulys)enH Bury> sojAey Ajjes sayjo1g yoy” x ajdung Jayo1g ‘JOY Uolsseg pue|Moy joYd x BuO ep] ‘joYd uooW AYsI JDYd X UIEND MO}|2A ‘/OYd edIssaf Ur] ‘/DYg X BsOy Jay}O1g JOYd Jemalpay Buayemy ‘joyg x Bury ayedig JayjOIg JOYd esouoquy ]DYd X PjOD eles Jayjo1g }DYd suysanba ‘Joy X jaMa{ Hueuad ‘}OYg OXI S/BUINZ JOY X BSOY-W] OYUIW 04d sujsanba ‘Joyd x eden obos ‘joyud asnasueg Jayjolg ‘joyg x abesyy Jayjolg ‘}OYg S9]S] [|2I0D ‘JOY, X les Ss22ULg S,OH JOYd pipuesse> JDYd X aSOY-31] OYUIW JOYd DUII|2q ‘}OYd X DSOUAA *}OYd 22RD UO ‘/DYg X URIPrINA OBos OY NSeN eSIH ‘JOYg X puoweig Ulo{ jOYd puoweig ulof yoyd x a2eJ5 UlO[ OY jebuy mous BulsyH-bui~y joyg Xx a2deJI5 ulof joYg H8A [eaSAID JOUd X URSNS ‘}OYd erissaf Ul] yOYd X x2a\JUaUUOS /OY4d ej] UapjOD s,auoysway ‘joYd x erISSa{ UT] }OYd suysanba ‘Joyd X sa|s| SAW ‘JOYd HZWJOYPIW JOY X SisuaUIsoNduIsU! “OY ajding Jayjo1g yOYd X y2a\JUBUUOS jOYd DarDIOIA JOYd X JaBeY YW2qQIaH JOY Apueg nqiew joYd X ueIPUI\ ODNSIe| }OYd HZjOYIIU ‘joy X [*UIBA"WOU OUYOY] sisuasasoy “}OYd dnopjo5 s,uuewasney joYg X UassalN eaJpuy 04d awWog JejOg aslysdwey yoyg X WYa|y ayauUaH jOYg ew AjI7 s,Aa|pesg JOYd X ax2JMOUS BOLOS jOYd Aqny Bueuad oyq x WIS COS }DYd Jayjoig jeysAID ‘JOY X S|jag sNOIpoja- jOYd OWWeY }OYd X qnode, IPHew JOssajoig JOYd suog Buuds yoyd x ysos4 yURID OY UeMs Jayolg JOYd X |!9A [eIsAID *}OYd SI[IqOWD ‘JOY X \uR|NIey ssedULd ‘JOYg puowelg uf iney yoYyd x sabi, sAanuBuiyd joYd Je5 sse2uig oybunA ‘joy x WI] plAeq }oY4d uapjod 4aH Buryd ‘joy x asoy IIp-nog ‘joYd Kay oBos ‘joyd x 1uejniey oBos ‘joyg asoy Ip-nog ‘yoyg x 3ods Yyry{ Bueyd yoYd ZynN Bueiyd nz1 youd x hay obos youd OQ 1uIW Obos joyg x eH Aqeg ‘joYd yenjs-eseqieg OY X |laA JaYy{OIg ‘}OYd leQus}Od UspjOD JayjO1g 7JOYd X 99] eles OY PJO}XO J9y}O1g JOYd X URIPYIOH ODNSIe] "OY tluupw ‘joyd x AYunog AyunoD abuesg yoy uonesuas |jeWis /DYd X JaUMeG 04991g }DYd SISUAUIOGUID “JDYd X WaD J94}01g JOYd Yoow ASI\ }oYd X UaYs-uaN{ NF }oYd Adue4 Jayjolg yoYyg X puoweig ulf sney jyoOYg uaa}!g [oY] ‘sdg x Ja]puryD Aoruen “uay apne; pay ‘ydog x apne; po; ‘ydog ding snosapunyy “ydog x j!y2uNYyD UOysUI\A “Ydog asooweurl ‘Yydog x UIM|eA “Ydog windaylinpupj6 ‘ydog Xx 010) yUuNO|, “Yydog inougjap “Yydog x pioM *ydog uinyouyns "ydod X PloH snua, ‘ydog yybijadeus “ydog x abeys Aey ‘ydog MOg-SsOsD “Ydog x adUape> ‘ydog Jase] !A-ulys “Yydog x pjesawiy !A-ulys “ydog Ape] esowuo4 "ydog x wnunipyiyasyjol ‘ydog Jase] ‘Yydog X Yeapy awely ‘ydog xuuyeI °S “ydog x ayreysno- “ydog Ape] pues s,yjoog ‘ydog x wnunipjyasyjol “ydog aiqere- “Yydog x ald IA-ulys “Ydog aouads Aua{ ‘ydog x wnupuapups -ydog JOA JO preMpy arULNg “Ydog x jaqes| Apeq ‘ydog UeaH awely “Yydog x aid IA-ulys ‘ydog pay r1beyy suapey 4IUZANOS PUur|MOT aqwoaey s,uiddq Jayjoig sur] R10}, UsINeT Ape eses Aof uolawey > xuUIg Aof asoy 2} adein afr Aof qunoy; piedoa) Ao{ ayey Asey Aof asoy eipuessed Aof Biagsuld uimy enysof 42} ulof uaand ulof 3Oj\d lof Buiys any ulo[ uae s]jamal UOS S,ed1SSaf Aqny s,2>1ss9f sawe[ uapAef ZyjoyswW-ydudsuy SHU Yeuuey quay asiysdwey Apueg asiysduey Buey skpej5 dn2pjod s,uoysia5 wya}y ebi0a5 Aepijoy ques3 yo Jouea/q sued uae|iq qYHuM °5 Jasel4 iq uospog sind Jayjoig [e}sKID [eysAup s,AanubBuiyD Axeyed Jay Buryd yods yiy{ Bueyd asoy yluf Bueyd Apeq yyf Bueyd jemaf yryf Bueyd uaal5 yiyf Bueyd Aqeg yy{ Bueyd yenjs Jayjoig Bes UapjOD Jayj}o1g inbsey> Jayjo1g Jayuny Aunog umeq |2Ws psojpag Wad psojpag ing Aqeg Jes 1y}-eg SISAONIVIVHd 1 Aew VUFHLNVNIYVaYd MOM apne~W MOM Japuny] s,aiuul BIOOW eA 310 O40) Aooyue, wip uomeyns y6r] bes sBunys Buibuis XM IA-ULYS JabiL 1A-UlYs JBaMS IA-UIYS Addnq !A-ulys Ssaduld IA-UIYS sede !A-UlYS ues Avia 1A-ulys laqges] 1A-ulys UesH !A-UIYS (panunuo2) WNTIGIdOIHdvd Ad G3v3aLS!OId JDVLNIYVd IWYN The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 32 Australian Solve your Christmas gift problems by giving a beau- tiful orchid book from AOR’s Mail Order Bookshop. All you need to do is select the book(s) required and fill in the details on the form provided. As a bonus, we will include, at no cost to you, a Christmas card bearing your good wishes for the festive season. MORE FLOWERING MORE FLOWERING ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT THE | ORCHIDS YE AR THR OUCDOUN TERE by Ross Macdonald This is the sister volume to Cool FSwenns Orchids throughout the Year. It is in the same format and style as the previous book, but also includes some genera that would require artificial heating in cooler cli- mates. This volume covers a further 314 orchid species and hybrids with 344 colour plates. Both texts are highly recommend to all orchid fanciers; particularly newcomers who wish to see an array of delightful flowers that they could grow. 132 pp. 242mm x 168mm Softcover. ROSS MACDONALD “URDSCOUNTPRICES,20.00, PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING COOL FLOWERING ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR by Ross Macdonald Ross Macdonald is a highly respected orchid grower and photographer from the North Island of New Zealand. This volume is devoted to cool growing orchid genera, which are easy to culti- vate in New Zealand and southern Australia. Growers in tropical areas should not be dis- couraged, as many of these orchids are indeed adaptable and will grow in a range of climates. Andy Easton has written the foreword. Ross has devoted the first few pages of the book to cul- tural hints, which are down to earth and give practical information on the basics of orchid cultivation. COOL FLOWERING ORCHIDS THROUGHOUT THE YEAR ROSS MACDONALD Basically this is a pictorial book with over 300 full colour photographs, covering a similar number of orchid species and hybrids. The quality of both the photographs and the colour reproduction is impressive. All of the orchids have been captured using available sunlight and there is no flash photography. There is a wide range of orchid genera covered with particular emphasis placed on cymbidiums, dendrobiums, laelias, masdevallias, the Odontoglossum alliance and Paphiopedilum. The photographs are arranged in four chapters, referring on their main blooming sea- son. The use of seasons ensures the text is also applicable to growers in the northern hemisphere. This inexpensive book is exceptional value and importantly is written by someone who knows and grows these orchids. | thoroughly recommend this book to orchid growers, as it will be of great value to both novice and experienced enthusiasts. Lad pp, 242mm x 166mm URDICOUNTPRICE Sa 20,0, Softcover. PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING Botanica’s Poc -ORCHIDS ; ORCHIDS Creative Consultants: Bill Layarack, Wayne Harris Consultants: Gary Yong Gee, Howard Wood, Wolfgang Rysy Botanica’s Pocket Orchids is the fifth book in the highly successful Botanica’s series. This superbly illustrated reference book contains a wealth of information to help every gardener grow the perfect orchid. Dyer 1200 Riehl listed Authoritative and practical with easy-to-under- stand text, Botanica’s Pocket Orchids provides comprehensive information on colour, propa- gation, planting and flowering. With infortma- tion on planning and selection, cli- mate, growing conditions, watering and feeding, it is the ideal guide QUR DISCOUNT PRICE DISCOUNT PRIC PRIC F $129.95, i @ (ind.cst) wherever you live. 608 pages, colour. ane was $34.95 RRP (Ind. GST) RRP (Incl, GST) US rosuse a nouns WHAT ORCHID IS THAT? Edited by Alec Pridgeon The orchid is one of the most passion- ately cultivated flowers world-wide, and for centuries it has been a symbol for the exotic and mysterious in the human imagination. As the brilliant photo- graphs in this book show, the shapes, hues and textures of many of these extraordinary flowers continue to pro- duce a shock of wonder in the viewer. This book will delight everyone, from the gardener with a casual interest in orchids, to the confirmed enthusiast. It takes in a wide spectrum of orchid genera and more than 1100 species common in cultivation, presented by an international team of experts. = OVER 1100 SPECIES ILLUSTRATED AND IDENTIFIED J SDITED AY ALEC PRIDGEON The first section, by the General Editor, Alec Pridgeon, introduces orchid habitat, distri- bution, names and classification, hybrids, pollination, how to grow orchids and control pests and diseases, and orchid conservation. The alphabetical section, “Orchids A-Z", includes descriptions, names and synonyms, geographic distribution, notes on culture, and photographs drawn from collections around the world, showing the best-known species in cultivation. Whether you are buying, growing or just looking, this is the ultimate guide to orchids. 304 pages, colour. ——OURDISCOUNT PRICE DISCOUNT PRICE $,43.%5 osm was was $54.95 RRP (Incl. GST) "Sra: no mus ORCHIDS IN YOUR GARDEN How to grow orchids in the =| backyard | Robert Friend It sounds too good to b @Malls, or planting them in garden beds. | With more than 150,000 species and hybrids of orchids in the world, there are "plants suitable for every garden. affging from tropical to cool climate areas, from large acreages to small gardens, almost every back- rence, Me be Fore oF OUR DICOUNTPRICE S250 144 pages, Colour and B&W. was $2750 RRP (Incl. GST) "Ws POSTAGE ato HaNoUNs SARCOCHILUS ORCHIDS OF AUSTRALIA Walter T. Upton Sarcochilus Orchids of Australia is the first book to cover all aspects of species of the genus Sarcochilus. Compact | plants of great floral beauty with ease of culture, they are mostly cool to cold growing, requiring limited space, and for these reasons are quickly becoming the orchid of the future. The book gives each individual species a separate entry, with information on its history, synonyms, distribution, habitat, cultivation and hybrids, along with a : » drawing showing the main parts of the WALTER T. UPTON plant and flower, plus a colour plate pro- - _ ——— viding an easy means of identification. Hybridising, including intergenerics, is dealt with in detail - most registered hybrids being accompanied by a colour plate. Other chapters include pollination, seed rais- ing and cultural information for the home grower. This is Walter T. Upton’s third book and is a companion to his very popular and informative Dendrobium Orchids of anes a OUR DISCOUNTPRICE $430.73, and B&W. was $39.55 RRP (Incl. GST) msde wou ve Nsieennsen, AUSTRALIAN | TROPICAL ORCHIDS | Bill Lavarack and Bruce Gray | Compiled by two well known names in the i} | Australian orchid world, this book is essentially a | collection of 116 colour photographs depicting | 109 tropical orchids, chosen by the authors as ] representative. There is a short introduction togeth- } erwith brief text complementing each photograph. | The text includes notes on distribution including a | simple map, habitat types, an indication of size, ] flowering season, conservation status and many J features of interest. OUR DISCOUNT PRICE $413.15 © (ind.cst) was $16.45 RRP (Incl. GST) 05 OSTA A haNouns 72 pages, colour. LYCASTE ORCHIDS - Cultivation and Hybridisation A.F.W. Alcorn lycaste orchids are easy to grow, and they produce flowers that range from the beautiful to the bizarre. No book previously has provided detailed cultural require- ments of the Lycaste, and this book should fill that gap, and encourage new growers to take up the cultivation of this beautiful genus. A section on hybridising con- tains valuable information on inheritance and genetics that will benefit any hybridiser, not just the grower of lycastes, as well as helpful hints on how to avoid pit- falls in your hybridising program. Lycaste Orchids - le 2” aX RA ‘ Oe a ee ae, ee Cultivation and Hybridisation A. F; W. Alcorn Michael Hallett, a friend of Fred Alcorn for a number of years, co-wrote this book with Fred and has completed it posthumously. He has a background in genetics, research Spe" CURDSCUNTPRKE S42, especially orchids. Tet ean nln te eieeat! @ (ina. 237 pages, colour and B&W. was $28.55 RRP (Incl, GST) *usrosnse no woe GROWING rg\ | PHALAENOPSIS AT HOME | James Neal This book is essential reading and reference for any person who grows, or is intending to grow, Phalaenopsis. | Jim, in a simple and easily understood style, explains and elaborates on light conditions, watering, tempera- tures, fertilisers, pests and diseases. Explanations of the way Phalaenopsis are named and | the implications of growing seedlings, illustrate some of ] the more difficult ideas for the layman to understand. The colour photography illustrates beautifully the topics under discussion and the orchid names are supplied, where necessary, as a caption. The illustrations drawn by Jim’s son Jamie are pertinent and succinct and make the sub- ject more easily understood. 56 poges, colour and B&W. UNDISCOUNT PRICE Su 1 80 © (ind.cst) was $13.7 5 RRP (Incl. GST) PLUS POSTAGE ano HaNouNG INTRODUCING CATTLEYAS Noni J. Mammatt Noni Mammatt’s fascination with the Cattleya Alliance, their most beautiful blooms and extensive range of colour combinations, has prompted Noni to share the results of her own trials in successfully grow- ing and flowering all types of this most beautiful genus under shadehouse conditions in the city of Perth in Western Australia. She hopes that as a result of her writing some new growers, as well as the expe- rienced growers of other orchid genera, may be encouraged to introduce the Cattleya Alliance into their collections. QUR DISCOUNT PRICE $16.50, 24 pages, B&W. was $7.15 RRP (Incl. GST) #5 Posse avo wows ro ORCHIDS FOR BEGINNERS A Guide to Selection and Cultivation Allison and Mark Webb “Orchids for Beginners” is for those just starting out in orchids. It provides information about choosing orchids best suited to your conditions and how to grow them. There is advice on what to look for when choosing plants to avoid some common traps and the expense of losing plants unsuit- ed to your conditions. The essential basics of cultivation for beginners are covered _ potting media, mounting plants, repotting and deflasking as well as choosing loca- tions and building bushhouses. There are suggestions for growing in country areas as well as indoors. The plant descriptions offer suggestions of plants to choose from as well as introducing some of the very OUR DISCOUNT PRICE Sal 0.45, varied forms of orchids. PLUS POSTAGE AND HANDLING 48 pages, colour and B&W. tine \ 2 Oe corazeat OR Wi PRO as Australian Recommende Our Plus } Postage Retail Price Discount Postage Total | Number of Total Item & Title Zone RRP) Price & Handling Price Copies me Orchid Review 1. Cool Flowering Orchids Throughout the Year A$20.00+ A$5.00 =A$25.00 (Incl. GST) = US$15.80 A$20.00+ A$5.00 =A$25.00 (Incl. GST) = US$15.80 = A$34.95 A$29.95+ A$7.00 =A$36.95 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$26.35 US$4 S' Ss | | 2. More Flowering Orchids | M a i l O Yr d er Throughout the Year 3. Botanica’s Pocket Orchids bookshop 4. What Orchid Is That? 5, Orchids In Your Garden ( = A$54.95 A$43.95+ A$14.40 =A$58.35 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = 1.00 : be ( 0 OUT OF STOCK and Oceania (Quoted A$ Dollars) R_ Rest of World (Quoted US$ Dollars) 10. Introducing Cattleyas 6. Sarcochilus Orchids of Australia = A$39.55 A$30.75+ A$5.00 =A$35.75 Postage Zones (Incl. GST) = US$26.35 A Australia, New Zealand 7. Australian Tropical Orchids = A$16.45 A$13.15+ A$3.00 =A$16.15 Y (Incl, GST) (Incl. GST) = US$10.50 8. Lycaste Orchids = A$28.55 A$22.00+ A$5.00 =A$27.00 (Incl, GST) (Incl. GST) = US$18.75 = A$13.75 A$11.80+ A$3.00 =A$14.80 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$9.75 = A$7.15 A$6.60+ A$3.00 =A$9.60 (Incl. GST) (Incl. GST) = US$6.30 A$10.45+ A$3.00 =A$13.45 (Incl. GST) = US$8.75 9. Growing Phalaenopsis at Home 11. Orchids for Beginners LI Please indicate ¥ if this is a Xmas gift. ? { : TOTAL ORDER $ Message : CUT ALONG DOTTED LINES Turn over to complete order details 3 Australian ] e } a Ng: Review — For six, twelve or eighteen issues of y : Australian Orchid Review, fill in the form - below and post in now together with rer your payment. = pe 5 CUT ALONG DOTTED LINES j Please tick 0 Renewal 0 New OC Address Change a acs y Send to Australian Orchid Review, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049 Australia | i a Phone: (02) 9560 6166 Fax: (02) 9560 6677 Email: aor@graphicworld.com.au Pn SN C) Australia 1YEAR (6 issues) 2 YEARS (12 issues) 3 YEARS (18 issues) cep ae 11 A$43.95 (Includes GST) 0 A$79.95 (Includes GST) 1 A$114.95 (Includes GST) | me - | C1 NZ Airmail ee ee (1 NZ$58.00 (.NZ$107.00 0 NZ$151.00 7 — 1] US Airmail aa | 0 US$60.00 1US$110.00 11 US$165.00 ne o£ Enclosed is my cheque for (Payable to Australian Orchid Review) = = | or charge my [ Bankoard 5 Mastercard | *Mr/Mrs/Ms Signature egies Address | am aa ee Postcode Telephone ( ) Fa ey __ Sint SHER pa ee i All overseas cheques (except New Zealand) must be in US dollars, or equivalent for credit cards. Credit card sub- a aid scriptions may be telephoned to (02) 9560 6166. ie Soe C Please indicate V, if this is a Xmas gift subscription and we will include, at no extra cost, a special card S. <a earing your good wishes. , Message —_— | ABC how to order | ee... -.. nee ee ens bree ns eS ase SES SS a a ns nnn nn se nnn en ne te an eee Ene oR ee a en en en ee nn na a a eee anne nen ee eee nese e eee y SADC mail order form Australian MAIL ORDER: Sy Enclosed is my cheque for $ (Payable to Australian Orchid Review) ill Street levshom, New 2049, oF charge my Australia PHONE ORDER: (02) 9560 6166 FAX ORDER: *Mr/Mrs/Ms Signature | Within Aust. Add (02) 9560 6677 Won | From outside Australia 61 2 95606677 EMAIL: aor@graphicworld.com,au Country Postcode Telephone (_ ) L] Please indicate ¥ if this is a gift and we will include, at no extra cost, a special card bearing your good wishes. PHONE, FAX AND EMAIL ORDERS Message FOR CREDIT CARD USE ONLY N cut here for mail order bookshop vA cut here for australian orchid review subscription AUSTRALIAN ORCHID REVIEW 14 McGILL STREET, LEWISHAM, NSW 2049 AUSTRALIA pypjn2I10 ‘sbiay 40 “uAS e MoU S| DJabI/}02 s|buDIay ‘aimjeppuawou ayep-dn 0} Ja}si6a1 ay) 0} apews Uaaq aaey saGuey> Humo}]o} ay 6 d5-1g sajzou pjosaeabuy SALON S,UVULSIDAN 87Z8Z 6£6 SLLO (pet) “*xey/[@L —_4N"B10'sy1@H2I219 “puej6uq ‘gag 6ON ‘weYybuMON ‘piojaiders ans Yaqiy Z “eAsIBeY P!y4O dse-spiyosouonesysi6a4/yr12ase1/4N'Bs0'sy; MMM je dulj-uo payrueas aq Aew JaysiBay ay} pue ‘asn 10j papeo|uMop aq Kew wo} uoneoidde uoneysibay ayL (‘syuudas fue yo Aovind2e ayy Jo} Ayyiqisuodsai ou sydarse Auoyiny ay, “AOU NY a4} WOJs UOIs wad ssesdxa Aq jda2xa Jayjoue YIM joasayy Ued Jo wed s,anss! auo Jo UoNesHayU! Jo UONe|OD paysiqnd sapn|oxe }| “a}ep PUR B2INOs JO LOND YUM ‘Aue 41 ‘sazijou pue $3}0U}00} ‘epuabii0> |j2 Buipnjout ‘payuud se ysl] asua ayy Jo UO INposdad ayy 0} payLUl| St 3sSI] IYI JO sjuuidai ysijqnd 0} uoissiwued Jesaua5 ‘spugdH piyuo 40} Huoyiny uoNeAsibay seAniND jeuoeusazu| ay} se Atos jeinyn2 WOH jekoy ayy Aq pansasas yyHuAdoD) “pO0Z Jaquiarad y.L¢ Aq a2yjo UONeNsIHay ay} Yea suoNed|dde say) Jey ainsua SNL ALUNIOA S14} Ul PapN|>rU! SUO!I21O> 10 suonensibas ancy 0} Bulysim auoduy *So0z Arenue{ Jaye Apoys Ue3s [11M SOOT PW Aq UoHerqnd 404 aUINIOA s!Uy aiedaid 0} 410 00Z-Z00Z WNGNAGGY UVAA-E SGINAAH GIHDHO JO LSI S,YAGNVS “Buryjads ayy 3291109 aseajq wey Buayd ur se “(E00z “3das) SZ *(ESTL)LLL yddns ‘aay ‘ya ul paieadde aeys Buay> 17 DsDUsIOg “Buijjads ayy 32909 aseajd ‘aiqqoy s,uoyyblig se 9ZZ : WNpUappy 5861-1861 HOTS U! poieadde aiqqog s,u0zYyby41g Dspus}0g “Burjjads ayy 3221102 aseajg “Aouopy |eridoy se ‘(poor ABW) OF *(ZSTZL)ZLL yddng ‘nay ‘y210 ul paseadde Aauoy je>}doay Dj433sD2A7 SNOILDINYOD O12 “YO aD -uaianl A *uAs “jax2N}Y Jasse4 Xo Ni|"q apsayavf DpupA ‘1an] DDjNIsoy pidaaysay {-|pur] winjoj}o2UNdi) Winspuapidy “uxS ‘suibBIH "aM (pur) 930;2undU} payrayysosg *|pUur] Bq/Doazn] DUDIIXDI “19N] aD]2406 DyOAaps_ “}QUY 11P3}S430 “DIYT Syquoy Cipur) DINID DIUDYYI0T /MO|aq a}OU aS “4|Y4S wNjor]2}02 winjpadjsdA> suonensiba ul sjuaied se aun ysij ayy 105 Hureadde saireds *pasaysibaiun si ng puejeyy ul ape Uaaq Os|e sey D9/NJ20I (A JO WJ ajdind/anq jeuou ayy Buisn ssoud awes ayy “ub1WO UMOUYUN Jo yn “sINN PAeIg OBYD WOJy pasinb>e quejg ‘ajdind daap jo peaysu! ‘yuId 304 juadsauiuin| daap e si uoNe|NINa pjog au} yey} Jdadxa ‘sso19 Woy ajdind/anjq pajnda0) {A & Sa|quased JOMO]{ “WII SPACD A 91 “pared yah Jou Juased ualjod “[7961 Woy UoNeoidde ‘961 Bny “y'4) uray) Jayysa OPUDA cy “6S6L UL eMeH ‘AasinN plyrsO OJOWeLUIYS Aq UMOJH aq 0} UMOLY SEM LIAIP/\| UO “P2eeJ} 8q JOU pinod uijeyy ‘2UO quased paas ay} asnedaq paydazre you Ing ‘S961 Judy Ul UOReNsIHa1 410) paywgns sem eNYD Uld OIA “WPL 4 [S961 woy uoneriidde ‘5961 ABW ZL ‘Y's ‘6561 UNI Z apeW] “e224 Aled SIsdoUOY>UAYY ¢ *s}a42e1q aenbs ul uMoYs suuAuours aty sapun squaied yjog YM paniwigns Ajjeulbuo “[e96 | Wosy UoNeDI\dde ‘7961 UNI ZZ “Hs “6S6L PEW] OUR PsoJBUNINYD IW z1 “paren Jou sem ‘ayJauind 27 se payiwigns Uased paas “[9961 Woy Uoner\dde ‘S96 L IY} “6S61 APE] SUdT UULUAH "27 1, [996 | Woy uoNeridde ‘¢¢6|-aid apep]] O1qaual e2Ulg 27 pele} -siGaiun sem quaied uajod asneraq paralay “[996| Woy uoHeridde ‘E961 JEW SL “Y's ‘ZS6L Fed SZ ePEW] UAIINW BPWY 7 o1 -paiaysibal aq 01 £66 Ul JaleW Yr143 Aq apew ssoi> Winjojadiunjd *} sua2saqnd x soyjuDs2DUW -dA> ay} sajqeua osje SIU “[unjoyadiunjd “1eA snjoa2j02 *dAD se] “(s ‘€)¢ ‘1d ‘15-05 “d ‘oppuDd pud ysn ay) JO SpIYy210 AARON ($261) “V'D 40M] Bas “epeued WO} WO} paramoy-|jews ajqeis Ajjeanauab e st y>1yM ‘wnjojadiunjd +} suarsaqnd “sen winoyiAinod winipadudA> pasn yuedaxuld 4213ed -dA> xai6 pasaysiBas Jaiea ayy searaym ‘suarsagnd “1en winioyiaiod “dA jo aUO}> pasaMmoy abe] eB pasn sey YrsoI4 JaUdE “WuNdHaqH x suaasaqnd ‘dA> 10} paysijqeyse aq 0} |I1g ‘dD auseu ayy sajqeua YyrI4M “uased xaib ev se paydaaze uaaq sey wnjojadiupjd wnjpadidAD ¢ [9961 wioy uoedddy] ydneH [ead “WAD -pasaysiBasun sem quaied uajjod asnesaq payalay *[996| Woy UoNeriidde ‘¢961 1eW ‘I's “0961 LEW ZZ aPeRW] Hy uel “MI WA) g ‘[aweu e noun parsii] ’s9 :(¢ “ddy)606L “lINd May “(606 L) EEE “Sb ‘UOIYD “Pued UI sieadde yD0>Iy 4838104 “WAD , [S96 | woy uonerdde ‘7961 uN| OL “WA] “dain{ wUW [042102143] aY24a/1109 9g [$961 wioy uoneridde ‘961 Ony “y4] PAog UOON 27 [s961 woy uonerdde ‘4961 “y4] “WweD aIMed D [9961 woy uoneriddy] ~predoaq 0421105 juaied xai6 e se paydazze Jou sem !/pjodoay DAajj}0D asneraq pasnjay ¢ ‘pasaysiGaiun sem juared paas asnesaq payalay ['996 | Woy uoNedddy] BiaquaisoO “19961 aad uoNerddy] uueWYyrI\M “H 042/770 “(6b6L) Lr ‘6Eb :8L1ING SOY ‘22UA/9J91 BuIMO}|O} ay} WO) UMOUY St Bingssayad Jules DAaII10 “pares aq JOU PjNor xb Bungsiajag qules “> Juased uajjod ay} asnedaq payda ze Jou Ing $961 “das ul pay!wgns sem uoneoijdde siyj aad Ayyed DAa/1109 ¢ [5961 wos uoneridde ‘7961 “das “y's ‘8561 das $1 apeEW] »20y Jarjays [oAa/7102103] DaYyrAa]110 [S961 wo uoneridde ‘6961 Bny FL Y'} ‘O96L Ain[ Lz @PEW] “YU BUO efa [odaj7102/43] DaYyrAa/33109 [9961 wos uonerdde ‘9961 Bny ZZ “Hy ‘L961 Ain[ sz apeW] siieq A10A) A9I511 “D [r961 wos uonerdde ‘y961 22d “Hs ‘0961 ePeW] ALaqury Aisi; ~D [9961 woy uoneriiddy] Aade1g eropued 2/9 “juaied xau6 e se pasiubo2aJ Jou sem DUDIUOsLDY DAaj}}0D asneraq pa}ra{[el Jam suONed|dde jeiaAes 7 *[9961 woy uoneridde ‘s961 28d EZ I} ‘2561 Fed LZ EPR] UEUUAJ ssag DAa/20D “[S96 1 WO LON -eaidde ‘596 | “Gad 9 “I'} !ZS6L “uel Sz ape] ales “D e2UaJ0|4 “2g ‘pasaysibai uaaq Ua) jou peY y>e2I0g AQUeN *D asneraq paqraley | “MOjaq Pa}ou ae sleyap ay *paydaz2e uaaq Mou aaey suonersjdde saliva jo Jaquinu e ynsal e sy “suonedi|dde asayy Jo uoneUIWeXe-a1 B pajqeus sey Plojasm auoLey,y pue poomeasy ye Jo aw ayy Wo swU0} UONe>r\dde payales ay} Jo AJ@AODsIP aU} ‘ISI} Se] BY) U! Pe2uNOUUe sy SIIEHD Qpejg a6s0a5)suaAe}s'Yy "ydJO Ray euUNeW (N/O)SHY J3]|1WH UYol Ja|ppad PIY4O. 91JN0Da7 JaUWeW (n/o)woywy’s (n/O) Y40 puidsajuang (n/O)' YO euldsajuang (n/0)2A019'a (n/o)euAng ap"D‘A soyeH'Y (Qjowewlys)6uayDd aams enyd (uosuyof pjose}y)buo"y"S *suPDO"YUO BYNSe}V Anunod pjod SPIYPIO 0x4 sply4sO 2N0xg a2kpi044 1ySMI9ZI4LS“] Anunod pjop SPIYDWJO 49}S04 XOy (oyoueWeA exeNYSOA)L'N 49HOd |I!9 (cyoeWeA ex2}1YSOA)PEL’N “YO 2421390] (n/O)Wez219'[ (oyoueuue, exeUYSOA)2L'N (N/o)sp!y240 2noxa ayeld4 sply240 2N0xA Anunod pio (uoyseq"y)s9p|eD"a oe|D4 (n/O)uueWasney SPIYWO 12}S04 Xoy (Buepias)uinq Aa Yo) ojaueg"] uojUJoY) 1 xPes4 ashV'S4 (ay9u97)y21MpeyD Vv (48 H)pue|poom psobn! [x19] “qog x ape uyra [x2Z] “0qZ uua|d SO “sj/M X JUlOg WeYING “PPO soaaq BSH ‘SIM X aquejareuds ["wWj0>] DUO yBnologmold ‘wp2po x Aue 21qGN0qd ‘”PO ualey auuy eHOWAY joYg x aURLe4{W\ UIAEy “sdupA pajniao2 ‘A x WybIjad ed A b anuaiaol A x [wyBingxos] DyD//a5S2} ‘A aodaog 4 X DjDI/a5Sa} A uryjokewiyg A xX IYbIJaq s,wesey A Buegeig A X Bue}eY aWepeY A [wu04 yuIg] pajnsa0> A x pay juiduin] ‘A Jenieg { x O184g UeA aulydaso[ A sauo] januey A xX UOsURMS ajA] BHOWAW A uinpipuajds [2Uu0] “UL x UIA|eEW 2UO pjajjoga2 ['2U0] “uy x Buekmais 907 Aof [2u0] “UL UuN|g INeW ‘97 X 2ezZaI|eA IS uu} joueD 25 X |]0G euals IS yoe[ opeyew 2/5 x Jama{ snoidedd 2S 4aqybr] aul4 2/5 x 1o1adwy jekoy 27 DaUuInIOD *S X a}I] JO BPI IS pAog jazeH ‘2/$ x Jasuns aissny 97 ajding 1uIW ‘27 X SaUO}S sNO!DaJd 2S yeHBnn plod 27s x aurewog eyreued 2/5 BUOIS a[EqeS| 1S X S|19G PES 27 pnojD weaig 2S x |]Oq eals 25 pAog [azeH 2S x Hall 7 pssojboysAyjawp “> x InediO 1S doig a}ejo20yD *D x yapeds 1s BUOIS ajaqes| js x aunualeA sAPUE\A ‘5 ayepuey ‘D x jabuy 14ybug 5 jamal eyory 2/5 x jabuy 1YyHug 25 uaaeay eD-1UIW sjinBeas 2/5 x Jeady JO YU) IT jebuy 36g 2S x JIS B10d 1S xog Jamal 2S x DezuYy “IS Jed Sjabuy 25 x ye[ O|eUeW 2S aunuae, s,Apuan ‘2/5 x Apeq Anuey 27 puem abe ‘yjoy x ayeby pay 25 jleqeng ebo1g ‘ods, x WNjDJOpo say [opuncas] p}Dj0a2uD] “pzpy x WiNjojar0yds UO psnjas Ayy X siysanba ‘}DYyd , 00jn2soy “dysy x bauinbups -djsy pJOJNPuUN “wWoYrS X 10, UapPjOD euljoseD 2g fh 020}2undu} [147] “ysg x [windin20j}0wsud] odso20,0WSsHd [143] “Yysd dajsa{ yeuseg VILSAVdODAZ ua]|D 4Ulod ayreueg 2! yOu uAig vavNOSTIM poo|g anig SISdOIVANVA Ja|Pped PIY240 PUL ssay puuersoy qwbijeq Aew aun{ swepe~) g, Wea S,2A01D 1, Dura 494384 epewe, ual VONVA PL PNUD Uld YO2A WNIGIDOHDIYL Buay tog ueyd WNYLNIDOHIIYL weaig OURd/0A, uonrapied BAIS jamal Aqny yapieos jeAoy 2u0}s pseyry lod puelpey Aseque4 aiding yebbny ayreuedg IyDBWOy OSIOWOYWY uAjueW\ SSI, yasuns PyesIW yuld AYJ-wy $,2429197] yousayjeam Jayiuual uiliqn5 sjods uapjo5 Jemaf asi4 yeas] IU 20x9 Jaquuq eIWos!|2> Jemaf 2ezuy yoef jabuy alwayaNn esshiy VAFILLVDOITIVIOYHdOS sauo}s 216ew VvuvHLOY Buay oyy oay VuVANNOY seysneueieg eineg Puy wnididl¥dod €1 2224 Aled SISA(ONOHINAHY Jsoybues VIdIdLSFa Jaysooy pay 231 VaWHD3Y uewiaasj qog VIHDIHLSOUd Ad GIvILSIOIN ADVLINIYVd AWYN 33 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 “splugH PIy240 Jo} JensiBay Jo1Uas SHY “MeYS “H “W Uetn| N S9L UPOL nEgl 979L TLOL 2 O9L 8st @LSL @SSL Nest Q Esl AZSL QLSL QOSL 9 6rL 2 8rL OZPL Y 9rl 2 Srl Jl Vere VY @rl LLPL LOrL L6EL 28€L 2 ZeL 2 9EL 3 SEL Brel Reel &7EL ele 9 0EL N6ZL 5 8ZL ‘auiaydeg ‘joyg ‘eyey ‘ydog ‘osieseg jap Puaques 2g An 0} ay] JyHIW NOA ‘said -luexa jueM NO J “apod yHIp aauyy ayy Ul Huidde} ayi1ym Aa “yy 84} UMOP Pjoy ‘UO ped Aay Jaquunu au} JO} 490) Jaquunu ay} YIM uay? ‘Moja a1qe} ay} WO 4a}DeILYD aU} 3DaIas :BuIMO}|Oy a4} OP XOg YIIeas xaJ6 qaM al} U! Waals INO UO Ja}IeJeYD pasiInbas 9y} a2npoid of ,gyJetW je2WIeIP JayjO JO JUaDde UR SUIeJUOD yey} aUeU xaJH e JOj YoJRas | UPD MOH, S! UONsanb payse AQuenbay 9uO *syaeul [e21}}42eIpP YIM soueU BHuysn 433s]Hay ply2410 3Yy} Jo sayrivas UOIsIaA Gay (6061) ZL 46 2Sb ‘€ Jas “UOIYD “PID ‘8 *} ‘9S :806L “‘AaYYUO U! payesysn]|i si UEYD32]4 “2427 PLIqhy UMOUY aJOS YL “(926 L) LOG :Z SIUD|d Bunamoj4 UDIIYyY WayINos Jo DIaUay ayy “Wakq “y “Y aS ‘adarDUONSay JO snUaH UR YY WayyNOS e “(Z7Z/ 1) Z| “WOJbolg IDY “JUD/d sag “quoy wnjojadospuoy) yo WAUOWOY J2}2| @ S| 7! Se ‘UONeSIBad UI pasn aq JouUR> 3! ‘Aol ayep arvy 0} svadde (g06L *qa4) 95:9 ‘Aay “YU Ul ayjoy ['0YD] WNjDjadospuoY) ayiyM “‘BY2UAYJOBAZ jo WAUOUAS b se “OY WiNjDJadospuoY> says PjayjsueW, ‘winjojadobAz x pyduAYsoJpuoY) se (9E6L) PSZ :S8 ‘YUaOD ul pjaysueW Aq paysiqnd sem [‘pYy9zZ] bYy2UAYIOAZ snuaboujou ayy ‘uinjojadospuoy) pue pysudysobAZ "Eb-Zbr !ZOOT Saidads sisdouanjoyg ‘Meese-W eqIYD ‘PZ L-ZZL :L00Z sisdouanjpyg snuab ayy ‘uosuaysiYyD aes seduUaJaJe1 pue uoNeWOJU! JayNy 104 “auo|D patueUUN JayjO auO yse9] Je pure ‘7 OU Ua—asHaAq, ‘,| OU UdaiHJanq, Bulpn}ul ‘¢| “d (uonIpa Jeisods) €66 1 Ul UDMIDY Jo sisdouaDjoYyd MaN AY] U! paye.ysn||! ae asayy Jo aWOS “}! UIYIIM PeweU s}UaWaja JO Jequnu e pue ‘eeu dnoiy e se paXojdwa uaagq sey ouoy ‘asn jeunyjnonioy Juarad Ul “juaied xaiH ayy se ,oUoY, Sisuasasoy “}OYg YIM pasaysibai aq JIM aweu siqj Bulsn suonesiddy *puejst ay} 0) SwWapua st YIIYM ‘al|Mo4 Sisuasasoy ‘JoYd Saldads al} 4OJ elseuOpU| ‘pUur|s] Se10]4 UO asn Ul aWeU JeINIBUJAA kb SI j] ‘salads ev YHNoY} se pajuasaid ‘juased xaib ev se suoNedijdde uo Ajjeuo|sed30 sivadde aweu siyf ‘ouyjoa sjsdouapjoyd ‘abaliAlayub} “Yd Jo suskuouss ase syuaied 40g “(096 L) 89E #89 ‘APY "YO 2S “pZZ 16061 HBU 'yS9 (v68L) Z Pa “URN “MOID “YO “IM ‘9SE ‘Lusencso,] ELY ‘LZ :€68L “YO 4619 *(L)Z6BL “UOIYD “psed Ul UAlg,O SnpUiqAy X SNIDYd “JPY *WSAALID sniDYd “UAS “Z6BL ‘HEMAIA'G “NYDIIOM SMioYd x [aDajjiAsayUD] “Yd =] SMIjoy!pU_Ib snioyg = sNPLIqhH SmoYd “paysiiqnd uaaq aaey 0} uMoUyY jou si abejuaied ayy se ‘pljeAu! a2UaY pue ‘paysi] -qejsa Jou s| aweu siyj ‘xa16 Jayjoue jo juaied e se pasn YyBnounly “9461 ‘N/O ‘UMoUY Jou abequaied = pughy eul4 winjipadoiydog “6961 ‘OW M'M “sa}}01 (wnipiuoyiW)) ‘2UO Jo WAUOUAS Y “UOReANIND WO UMOUY ‘adAj Jo “s2saP UNL] INOUWM “(126 L) OF “Z ‘S4EMO}J PIYDO “2041H winpugdy wnipiuoywyX “Jay “wWNyDja20Yyds WNIPIDUC X (1UOIIM “IA 11Z/MISIOM DIUO}|!W Se),1U0}aM, WUN}DISNy UO = WNpUGAH UO ‘gz (€ “ddy)OLé6L “11nd May “(606 L) FLO 6S °H JO [ (6061) 6€b :9% “D'D JOU “6061 “PIT YOMsapeyD ‘wnub)) “UC x WnabijjaD] QU = wNplaqAH WwnyppUO "668 ‘pineynoD ‘ouDIYDIIaA ‘psoW x D}DIININD “pso-, = paqdy Guryr0g Dy]DAapsoy *y quay DUDaaws 2A] pugdy jen -jeu au Jo yuajeainba jesnynayOY ayy st epUgAH “247 “1added “247 “uAS “gZVl “EYSIRW ‘ueuUrys 247 x laddap “247 = epighy 33sp2A7 "Z06 | ‘ULAeM ‘ojluind “7 x WaWDM *D = epqhy DAaz33020]/2D7 “2881 ‘swueH 4 ‘oIpauuayul “> x winuN}/> [aj!yonz] 147 = paqhy 3sanysoquiey DAazj3303/d7 /spuqdy paijje yim pasnjuod y>nw uaag Apuanbasqns sey yriym auo pue ‘puey Aq pasies 042/170 pugdy ISI AYL, ‘6S >606L ISINH ¥ aJOy “DJOINJDIId ‘DJ21d DpugAy *Dj21d > -uks (E981) Z09 :€981 “UOIYD “Ped U! ‘YDIEA OPUGAY X DAaINIDD “JOY “6SBL “YEA ‘Usabippoy ‘J x D,O}INB “> = epiaqdy DAgIIDD “sabaib JUasayIp OM} 0} paljdde uaaq sey aweu ay} yey) sysabbns yr1ym ’906 | ‘essojHoysi}e> 27 x OUDAQbip “g seaib 9¢Z :606L Hu /08L :906L “APY “YO “JY “POSL ‘PIYDSYIOY P4o7 ‘eIWIxy “27 x OUDAQbIP [7¥] ‘9 = PGA 44ed Buys 0Aa/73020/JaD]0ssD4g “winueAuiwiog sapuay “UAS ‘Ep :606L H8U ‘[Z98L un{ LL SHY/DD4] ‘SE *€68L APY “YHO ‘hh FLZBL “UOUYD "P4ed Joy “LZBL “YEA “ybuIpjaly Yay x OsOYNINU Jay = LnPESH spay seytida ayy Jo aj0ym Jo yed se wn/epugcy /pughy Wa} ay} apnjou! Yyr!1yM JaysiGay ayy U! AUN? saweU xasH ax} [Ie sUIeJUOD 3s!| BuIMO|}Oy OY -uiBuo pugdy jo si x6 wnuenjaliod yey} a322!pul 0} UBIs UoNe>!}diyjNW e Jo a2e/d UI sadsas LUNPLGAH aay (,LuNquedns, winyjueuag “Yydog x ,winquadns, wunyAydojed “ydog) winuenia||od [puqAy] Wnyipadoiydog :peei aq pynoys aweu ay{ ‘May Ie MoU Bunured e 0) uonded e se sivadde aweu siy) “(winquadns WnyyueUsO x Wingiadns wn|AYdojeD) WunueNaljog WNpUqhH WnipadidA> “6b (z ‘ddy)668L 11ng May ‘os :(z ‘ddy)9681L ‘Ing May “(S68 1) 89r IZ ‘UOIY ‘psny ‘,wNarvIOIA, lISsos ajaysoyouAYY = ,LUNar”IOIA, WNSJadsD “WPO = 9ZL :868L “YO ‘,WNuURIYWOMYsy, LUNPLIGAY “WpPO :x Jo ubis uoneddnjnu e Aq padejdas aq pinom | satweu Wapow Uj “Jeyyida ay) yo Wed ULL) Jayyes JUBUIWAa}ap e se suoNIUNY LuNnpLgAY sajduexe OM) Hulmo}|O} a4} Uj *yajs1Hai ayy ul Jauzida xoJ6 e jo ped se win/e/pighy pom ay} jo saduadNI20 UMOUY |]2 sasia}! pue asn sj] Woy ase AeW Jey UOISNJUOD ay} sayzeNsNII! Mojaq ys!| e4YJ “eHenbue| Aue ul uajeainba sy! 10 puqdy P1OM ay} Ule}UOD Jou Aew 9661 AWenue{ 4.1 Jaye paysiiqerse euweu xasO Jo 4eANIND & OZ'6L HV dONDI 24} JapuN yyHu uMo s}! ur yauzida ue se osje pue (saisadsqns Jo JeA SB _YdNs SpJOM se aos ales a4} HuIWopad ‘snyeys 21WOUOXe} 2}e2!PU! 0} SaAlas 3! 494M) AueUIWUA}ap B se YJOg saWeU JeAnIND pue xoI6 piyri0 UJ pakojdwia uaaq sey wuN/epugdy uajeAinba pasiune] sj! pue pugAY Wud} aU, *queUUajap & se pue yoyzida Ue se saleU plYyrJo UY asn Ss} - WN/e/pLgky “|pury o1ybunquioyrs x *24S3\\ Y SejMouy DaYyraYy)SO1g = MeYS*H'W’'| [YWs] Dayrau0Yyr5 yey SINYDAS X “ISAM 8 SajMouy DayraYy}SOlg = MeYS'H'W'T ['YyAd] DayrayzASa ‘DISAM_Y Sa|MOUy D2YI2Y}SOlg X “OOH DI2AIUZ = MeYS*H'W'T [24d] BIPASOsg 2159M 3B sa|mouy DayraY)SOJg X *|PUIT 01/207 = MeYS'H'W'' [‘/Sd] BHS04d *2)S9M_Q Sa|MOUy DaYIaY)SOlg X “JY UOIYUD/NDD = MeYS'H'W"| [‘Yid] UosyIsDSOIg "289M Q S2|Mouy Day2aYy}sSOsd X *4OOH DI/2AIU X “|pur] DAg/}IDD = MeYS"H'W"' [22d] BAajrA20Ig “YOOH D12A2uz x “1g"y DJOADSsO/g = MeYS*H'W'T ['AAJ] BJoadoug ‘JOM 234} YIM paaroid 0} pasinbai ae esauab puqky Mau Buimoyjo} ayy “pyjnzy_ o1j2A2uz aweu ayy Aq parejdas usaq aAey WNI/OJUD] *}d7 404 sajjUAa Ja}s!Ha1 ay} eB0Jasay! “(966 1) ZZ :(p) L | DUDAajpurT aas ‘uosuAysYD (“J'qy>Y) D147 O4j2A2UT Jo syuRjd 0} payjddesiw Apuasisuod usaq sey yey) sulHH1H4"9'M (7) 1DDa]Y202 DaYyra4y}sosg Jo WiAUOUAS k S| (*]pur] XB UOARY WuNI/oy!QUD] LUNpUapIdy UO pase) PAe||Od 8 J9|8se1q (“|PulT) ON/os/UD O1/2AIUZ *pajuata|du! useq eAey sabuey> aweu saideds Huimo}joj ayt *9UUI} DWOS 942} [JIM SI} PAAJOAU! SatUeU saidads jo 19q -wunu abe] ay} 0} anp “aA2MOH “anpsaao Huo] si saAnejad sy! pue Wrypuapidz Buiajoau! aseqejzep ay} U! a4njej2UaWOU Jo jNeYJaAO UY umupuap}dz Buyajoau sabueyd *asiNOD anp ul papiaoid aq |j!M eiauaboujou ayeudoiddy “uonessibas uJ pasn aq you {IM ayjuoOND Burajoau! esauab pugdy aiojasayy “suIBBIH IM X Ja|ssaiq ayjuDUDNy se paquosap Ajjuadad ydadu0d JUaUAH ay} 10} AyWoud ayep YIM atweU ayy SI [jews (“|pur]) WnIpo/I/d7 *uinippj21dqz Aq payepaad ayjupupny “(po0z Ainf) 79 *(8SZLIZLL ‘I4dns ‘aay “y29 ax0U aas *(/661) APueD UexeNL €66 1) PYoUIY>rI!d “(000Z) sedis eUUeURd “(F66 1) sedins IYBIN “(066 L) JUeUI “(266 1) adins Ay>N7:(Z766 L) S1aUIeAT UYO[ “(766 L) quaplt Uapjod (1661) 42511 UaP]OD “(66 1) HEEH 1149 “(166 1) Weaig suo “(066 L) BUSHEY “(S66 1) UYON Gog “($66 1) eUeZHUY zuopodojn2 “dsqns Buisn apew useq ary 0} UMOUY ase sabasH Huimoyjoy ay uoporojn2 ‘dsqns sisuaspbund pyjjoaapsoyy “way! Siu} YIM Buidjay 10} qqu> ‘gq 0} syuey “uoNessibas U! pasn aq 0} atueU ay} SI “s]]Y2S WuNjor!7/09 ‘dA Auanbasuod “(LE :F68L “A2Y “YUO 19SL AZ)ESBL UOLYD “PADD U! MO) ‘Wnjpadoiydog pUgdy e Jo} asn ur Apeagje sem 1YyyLUS “dA> eeu ay} asnedaq SI SIU, saueu Ayoud ayy se Winjor12/02 “dA> sani6 351/¥22YD SJOIOUOW) POM BUI JAAPMOH *60Z 2661 WnIpadudA> snuab ayy ‘qqul> aas ‘9z 1d *D"| “AYYIS WuNjor!I2/09 “dAD 4aA0 Ayoud Huraey se pajuasaid s! (761) 6Z 1:1 Hnqoyj0D WOH D}2y Ul “NYYIS NYyyWWs “dAD eweU ayy ‘yyyuus -dA> pue wnjorj2102 uinjpadyadd> ‘siBubJay ue saw0req (786 L) xnoJe7 eueNsY> x16 ay) ‘ApuanbasuoD *sibupsay Japun AwAuouss 0} sibuoiog snuaboyjou ay) sa2npai osje Yyo!4M ‘sibuDJay 0} pailaysued Useq sey DWII/I90J6 DIquOsDg tuosuioy} ‘sBay jo *uAS B MoU SI LuNOIsaly “sbiay *qqUo'[d DIsaApysauuns x “y-qury sibubsay = ‘vou ‘uaboyjou Meys'H'W\"[ [ws] s}Gunsaununs *seyg Asoay xai6 ay} 40} snuaboyjou Mau e sauinbas siyt *qqua‘fg [wns] pisaApysawins 0} pauaysuey Uuaaq sey IUDIND] sIbuDJay The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 34 | | | | -issod ,uinainding, se paystiqnd Aj[eursio sem joyyde 68gT eu] (6881) ,eainding, DUDI[IXAA Sisdoluo}pIW pure ‘(Sggt) ,eeinding, vuvjpixaa sisdouoyi :a{durexa reanyno ‘sosayjuoied Ul jURI}SIZaI IO 10}eUISIIO 3} JO aUILU IO JUDUTYST]qGe}so JO Ieaf ay} SuIppe Aq paysInsuNsip oq Aeu syayydo peyeordnp ay} vay} ‘dnoi8 8urpesiq Jo snuas e UTY}IM pajeadai st jada xar8 v Jo ‘satdads 10 Xo18 & UTM payeadar AT[eJUap oe st yoyytda IeANIN ev alayM.sased Uy “snONsIquUIP SI SITY} se JapuRS “], WNssojS0JUOpE jou ‘,Japues “J, UINUIIsst}Uaply iwinssojSojuopC IO Aapues “], winds winssojSojuopE :o[durexe IO] ‘aueU IeAT[ND oy} Jo Wed se joyyda IeANINd dy} YIM UAT aq jsnut jayyda satdads Jo xa18 ay} snuas ev UTYIIM payeadai st yaya 1eA[ND e AID M (‘snuas e Url pojeadar aq Jou pynoys satrurey prydio0-uou ut SIRA[ND) “XoI8 JO satdads & UIYIIM JouNda ay} SuNeadal jou ‘sIeANNd prydIO 104 ‘dnois Sulpselq Io snues e UIY}IM UO Heda SUIPIOAR SURAaTT STU} Sa8a18 104 “sse[D UONeUIWIOUSp ke UIY}IM paj}eadar aq jou pynoys jeyyde uy ‘syoyqida yo uoradoy ‘2dUaJJO asned Jou pynoys youydy ‘auel payed auoautos Aq pastes jyueld palamoy onig & oy “asueIC S,preypTY, 8 ad ‘BuIpeaystu aq JOU plnoys Jayqdy “PUUM ase], 10 ,MOTJAA, SB YONS UIA} VANdLOsap an8ea aq Jou pynoys yuyUdy ‘TeoovId se jIOYs se aq prnoys jouydy *Sa[N.I JAOge JY} 0} UOT}IpPpe UI ‘suOT}UpUIMIMIODIY “DPIq|D VIJaVT OJ aUTeU Ie[NIeUIDA v ST sey[UOP se afqe}daooe oq pnom xai8 seyfuoy vyavT iou ‘sey {UoW, vpigiy vIaVT AUYWEN ‘avaovpiy210Q dU} Ul JUILU Sous B ST S1yIIC se a]qe}dadde aq JOU p[NOM ,STYyIIO, vAalJJHI01JaVT °3°Y “WACJ TepNeUIVA IO UR] UI Jaye ‘oWeU X9183 IO snuas ay} }eadaI JOU JsNY"}OU SI UI é, ng ‘atqeydaooe st ,JUIg J[PH, A[eTUNIs ou pynom ,UOTIIN, 10 ,000 ‘000 ‘TS, aTiyM ‘atqe}daoae aq pinom ,siefJod UOT, snyy ‘suoMoey 10 sjoquids ‘syreur uoN -enjound Jayjo apnjpour jou ew yng = \ /-"j/, syzeur UONeN}OUNd ay} apnjour Avy *‘potuiojsued ‘poaoiduit ‘uleqs ‘satias ‘Jods ‘uolpdajas ‘aIn}xtu ‘soueUajUTeW ‘prqdy ‘dnos8 ‘xa18 “ean -[ND :Sp1OM 93Y} Ule}UOD jou Ae “BUI[Pa—as ‘JUL NUT ‘ssoID :sp1OM JY} epnpour AR (qUasUOD Tay} YIM aq Prnoys uosied Surayy v Jo oueU ayy UO paseq sjayNdy :3}0N) ‘UOWON ‘d’H ‘8’9 ‘aureu s,uosiad e Woy PeAlap UdYM sTeHIUur spnpour Aew Wal ‘oonstey °3°9 ‘UOUAaAUI [aAou ev aq Aur NG ‘p1OM SUT}STXa Uk aq O} aARY JOU sa0q‘pasn aq Avur 10}duIq JeaaesD ‘st[ealog vIOINy :g[durexa Joy ‘a8en8ur] usepour e UT asn jUAaIINd UT ssatuN (s)pIOM UT & aq 0} JON (g radng °3°a ‘aquinu eB apnpour Aeur jnq) s1aquuinu Jo ATa[Os IO Ia}a] B[BUIS e JO ATaTOS 1SISUOD 0} JON (sajqe|TAs 10 sp10M JO JaquINU WINUWITXeU OU st arat}) SIO}DPILYD YE PIddxa 0} JON oN] [eyded e YIM jes skemye sjou}dy saya s1seg :99UP} -dacoe jayzda xo18 Suyu1aA08 says oy} Jo Arewuns [njdjay e se papuayut st SULMOT -[OJ OY ‘syoypda Iean[ND pue x15 Y}Oq sUIaAOS ze} SaTNI Jo Jas UO MOU SI aIBUL, yayrida xa18 atqe}dasoe ue st eYM Saylep pure saytduns yt ATTestseq ZUONeIsIs91 asueyd (AONOI) SIUYId pawayyny 40 ainywjouawuion Jo apoD [vuoYvUJaJUT M2U 9} SXOP MOY *yoaJJo S9AV} ONOI MON Moy “OI “96E-S6E ‘dd ‘winisoduids jpuoypusaquy ply, :sjuvjg paywayjny Jo Awouoxvy, *(S1oyIpy) IapueXeTY *O X oso] ‘OD ‘Vv ‘SMoipuy ‘S :U] ~e8URYO ke IOJ aU] - sauIeU STIOUAS prIqdY PIYDIO (6661) "§ ‘seo, 8 “W ‘aseyo “d ‘qquo Aq apeut stesodoid ay} 22g *(€007 AON) O18 (1 1)ZZ (SOY) SpIY2UQ aas elIedui0D/sdno1y B8urpeelg jo uoMeuedxe ue 10J,[°d ‘vouaUy YJNOS samy ION Jo sjuvjd Apooy, Jo viauas puv saijiuv ayj 0} apins platy ‘S661 “MV ‘AUay) y lqeasn pur [nyasn y30q eq 0} anuUOD prnoys Ja}s189y IY} }eY} PeusIaDUOD de VUDI WU} PUe YOdV UIO 3eY} o}eIJSUOAp JaAaMoy seop I] “UOIssNdsIp JO a8e}s Ajies UP 3 [[YS SI STU} [[eW IaAaMOY, Joquinu Aq uoTeUsISap jUasaId 9Y} UL} a]qeyIOM dIOUI aq 0} IY8NoY} SI SIU, YoU xo18 ay} 0} saxyoid se padojdwa oq WYsIW YSTYM ‘souieu winteduioD/dnoiy 8urpeeig ay} 10} padojaaap aq 0} aAey P[NOM suUOT}eIA -aiqqe /sutIAuoIe JO Jas MoU Y “UUINIOD s}Uared ay} UT sjeyoeIq o1enbs url UOT}eIADIqqe daueas UR se SpLIqAH piy2iQ Man Jo Js1T ATYJUOUTIG 9Y} UT JUasaId st *z suIeU ‘Apeally ‘UOISIOA GoM 3U} UO o]qeETTeAR are “¢ PUk *Z aIOJaq AlessadaU aq [IM YOM JoyNy yng “Z pure ‘] sun aseqejyep UOHeSIsay oy} JUaseid }V ‘splodaeIsuy oy} -6 dnoIyH Sulpselg ‘© pue ‘UOT}eSISa1 [RUISIIO Jo snuas ay} - siSubivg *Z puke snU|s pa}dadde AUTINS 9y} - si8upiay *[ Y{Oq JapuN a[qissadov aq P[NOM ‘xnoIa] URNSHYO X18 oy} o[durexa 10, ‘Ioyjo80}[e eiouas doip 0} ayI[ pljnom oyM aso} IJoj ‘dnoiy SuIpsslg se UMOUY J9}}0q ‘“uneduiog sit Ag ‘€ pur ‘UOTeNSI8aI [eUISIIO s}I JO snuas oy “Zz ‘snuas [eorue}Oq pa}dasoe AMuerInd sy *[ Japun a]qissaoae 9q P[NOM x18 YoeY “sase18 paiojsisaI 10J AT -snosue}[Nulls sutaysAs JUSIaJJIP 9o1Y} UNI 0} [eYUA}od 3Y} SuUTeBSAUI SI WYO! UL ‘(uoouraye Aepuoypy ‘adUaIay -U09 94} JO pUa AIDA 9} 12) OOM 9} 3k Yeads 0} payAaut usaq sey IeNsIs9dy PIydIO sy ‘JURDYTUSIS AToJeUIN sem }eY} asn pue jdadde 0} Wa}sds YOIYM JO VdI0U S,Jasn pua dU} SeM HI }eU} SuTUROUI ‘{ PdUBIDS JOUINSUOD ¥ SI AWOUOXE], ‘JeY} MaTA ay} passoidxa Ajqisuas AyUay UAMTY °0J0] U1 YIOM aUO Aue 4dasoe 0} ‘YYD] aU} SUIpNyoUT ‘auOAUR uo uols[nduiod OU SI a19U} ‘[[e@ ayy “SuOedyIpour s[qissod YIM pa}dadde aq 0} ATOXTT aIv WNIDAIVPIYIIO VAIUAH At pjeydn eisuas ay} jey} pojedioyue st iJ ‘asn UOTeIsIB9I IOJ eI9Ua8 PIYDIO Jo :ouL}dadde JO 19}}eU JY} SSNOSIP 0} po}edxoa SI puke SI9AIOsSqgo 0} Usdo 2q TIM DOM 28 8UNd0U 99}}IWIWIOD aIN}ePUSWION pue AUWIOUOXR], DO] eu ‘UOlIq UI DOM SUTUIODY}IOJ 9t} 3e yDalqns sty} UO UNIO; UadO Ue aq JIB} }eY} pepusuUO -DdI SLY WOdV *91d0} sty} 0} 9}k]AI BoYJO UOHLISIBayY IY} 3 PAATad9I UIBDUOD Jo sUOTS -saidxe pure satienb jo Jaquinu juURyIUsIS e pue AUeUL IOJ JDal[qns dATIISUAS B ST SIUL ‘ISN UOHAASIBZII UT BAITS PIYIIO (OVYO ATYAWNUOA) NOLLVULSIDAY GIHOYO NO TANVd AYOSIAGV Pood ATNL O€ aNss] UALLAISMAN WOdV The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 35 Pp bly to avoid confusion, however the cultivar epithet must agree with the gender of the genus and hence has to be changed to ‘Purpurea’]. Julian M. H. Shaw, APOR Secretary, 2 Albert Street, Stapleford, Nottingham, NG9 8DB, UK. Tel/fax. +44 115 939 2828 E-mail: orcreg@rhs.org.uk www.rhs.org.uk/research/regis- New applications received 2626 and, 24 resubmissions, of which 2467 were accepted, 9 tration_orchids.as were postponed and 174 were rejected. March 2004 was the busiest month on record with 512 applications. During February the number of names in the grex register Grex example: Lc. Amoena (1887) = C. loddigesii x L. perrinii and Lc. Amoena (1902) = exceeded 120, 000. The total at the end of June was 121, 602. C. wallisii x L. harpophylla. Reprinted from “The Orchid Review” (U.K.) STATISTICS: November 2003 to June 2004 Hills District Orchids (Prop. David P. Banks) Hosting Dark Star Orchids Open Day Sunday 5 December 2004 @ 183 Windsor Road Northmead 2152 NSW 9am til 4pm (please park in Mary Street or Windermere Avenue) Heaps of flowering orchids, rare species and unusual plants for sale, as well as a full range of orchid related supplies. Phone: David Banks on 02 9674-4720 or 041 2-123036 E-mail: dpbanks@ozemail.com.au THE ORCHID REVIEW The world’s longest running Orchid journal All the latest AM/RHS, FCC/RHS and CCC/RHS awards in full colour — essential for orchid judges and all growers — six times a year. Articles on growing orchids, for beginners, by experts. Orchids in their natural habitats. Advanced growing, flasking, history, taxonomy and orchid biographies. Orchid hunting and orchid explorers. What to buy, where to buy it and how to grow it... The Orchid Review — 6 issues per year, starting January (ISSN 0030-4476) If a subscription is taken out during the year, back issues of that volume will be sent. Orchid Review with the Orchid Hybrid Registration List: UK £30 All other countries: £40 airmail/£34 surface mail (Europe airmail) Orchid Review without the Orchid Hybrid Registration List: UK£25 All other countries: £33 airmail/£28 surface mail (Europe airmail) To apply contact The Orchid Review, PO Box 38, Kent TN25 6PR, United Kingdom Tel: International code: +44 (0) 1303 813 803 Fax (0) 1303 813 737 v0 ELZ & Key Rings + Brooches Cuff Links - Tie Tacks Lapel Pins - Medals Paperknives - Paperweights Wall & Award Plaques School Identification Badges No Set Up Costs = Yub/ 2026 = JUVELLE BADGES 321 FOREST ROAD BEXLEY NSW 2207 ° 3 i} AOR 123 36 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 CULTURAL NOTES Australian Natives Enjoy the remaining blooms for this season. The Sarcanthinae are the mainstay of late spring and are truly beautiful orchids. Many other unusual species will have flowers at this time as well and it is great to be able to get to shows and see the variety of native orchids. Before you rush to the sale table and get a collection of these lovely plants, be aware that they end to have higher humidity and water requirements than the average dendrocoryne hybrid and in the current conditions of water restrictions many growers may not be able to provide suitable conditions for these orchids. Now is also the time to repot and I’m looking forward to finishing my jobs before it gets really hot now that the dead tree is gone and it is safe to get back into the shade house. (Unfortunately, it also means the end to koala visits as there is nowhere to plant a replacement tree and I’ve also got to do something about shade in the work area. The birds aren’t the only ones going to miss the tree!) With the dry conditions and water restrictions continuing it is tempting to change to a finer media. Remember caution is the idea when changing media as you don’t want to lose your whole collection if an ingredient proves unsuit- able for you conditions. balance this with the advantages of the finer media in use earlier and you see the problems. The discussions about sphagnum moss have shown just how good it is for growing some plants. I’ve spread some seedling trays in my covered house and it has been growing happily for years. It looks lush and green and is always cool to touch. It does need to be watered fairly regularly, but can recover from dry- ing out, after all it is dry in the bag when you buy it. If ever I need to pot a suffering plant in it to restore it to health I know it is there, fresh and green. Watch for the brittle new growths when han- dling the plants as they will be starting to grow at this time and are easy to snap off. Take care to rinse hands or gloves and cutting implements in bleach or whatever you use to sterilise things to avoid virus and disease transfer between plants. Deal with the healthiest plants first. Be cautious about viruses but keep in mind that damage from pests common in dry conditions can sometimes look like virus markings. I’ve had a lot of scale this year and with comes ants in the tops of growths. They did some dam- age to flowers as they were opening. Spider mites will also no doubt show up as well. Aphids always like to suck the new growths. The best way to remove these pests is to wipe the leaves with a damp cloth but this is very time consuming in a Jarge collection. I’ve been able to reduce numbers by mixing a small amount of pure soap flakes and a little vegetable oil in warm water and spraying with this slurry — being sure to shake regularly. Be wary about using oil on tender leaves that are exposed to a lot of sun as the oil can burn. Don’t forget the underside of leaves, try watering there as well while you hand water. I’ve also had rats coming to look for shelter and water staying to chew on my orchids. I put out special “snack” I hope they find tastier. Keep an eye out for pest damage as many only come out at night and wreak havoc under cover of darkness. Take a torch and see if you can catch them munching . Fertiliser is always important to plants in small pots or hanging on slabs, but be careful not to overdo it. With restrictions requiring hand water- ing, plants are likely to get less water to flush the pots of any residue. In time this can become toxic and burn roots. Finer media is also likely to retain more residue as well. Heavy rain is the best way to flush pots but it is proving unreliable again. Store water if possible and do what you can to help humidity levels up. Seal inland facing walls of growing areas as this is where the dry- ing winds originate. Put in ponds or tubs of water and increase shading overhead. Group plants that require higher humidity together and create a special area for them. Tougher, large dendrocoryne species and hybrids can take lower humidity. If you are lucky enough to be able to continue to water with misters regularly check that your misters are working properly as plants suffer quickly when they don’t get enough water. Be responsible with your water use and water very early in the morning of after dusk and spare a thought for those who can no longer turn on a tap and let the misters run. Sealed houses should keep humidity levels up a bit, but vents will need to be opened to allow air movement. Any summer shading should be in place by now. Get onto those jobs before it gets too hot to do them or your native orchids are damaged by sum- mer heat. | Cattleyas As the weather warms you may start to move your catts out of the glass house into the shade house. The plants will go better outside, and will do a lot better if hung from a barb wire line within the shade house. Make sure the line is above head height! Watch for sunburn during this spring period as at times the sun can be very strong. depending on where you live, you may only need to water your plants every five to ten days. Repotting should be on he go! Make sure you do not divide your flowers any smaller than four bulb divisions. Repot plants in your usual mix, but remember, do not forget to stake the bulbs so as they will not move when you water the plants. Watch what media you use as some bark mixes are very hungry for nitrogen. A good idea is to try the seedling test to the bark before using. After repotting, a good drench with AUXI- NONE® will help the plant initiate new roots very quickly. Fertilising during spring is very easy — apply every off week with an organic and alternate with MERRI FERT, Make sure the mixture gets right through the mix. In America most catt growers like to add a little SUPERTHRIVE to their fertiliser. Keep vigilant for signs of scale. The warmer weather will bring them into action. If present spray with ECO OIL. | Cymbidiums By now you should be well into your repotting schedule. In the last issue I mentioned the use of wetting granules such as ALCOSORB®. One grower contacted me, saying he was concerned about root ort if the media was kept too wet! This is a good comment as if the media is kept wet too The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Specialist breeders of Australian Native Orchid Species and Hybrids ¢ Mail orders our specialty * Phone prior to visiting ° Send S. Ag. for our current listing Ross & Rhonda Harvey 16 Heather-Anne Drive DRAPER QLD 4520 Telephone: (07) 3289 1953 email: cedarvaleorchids@bigpond.com.au NATIVE ORCHIDS Latest Release Seedlings Flowering Size Plants Hot/Cold and Cold Growers We only stock quality plants from Australia’s best hybridists Native species including Dendrobium, Cymbidium and Sarcochilus LARGE SPECIMENS AVAILABLE We also stock treefern, slabs, stakes, pots, sphagnum and bush moss, orchid bark B&T Ferns & Orchids 30 Wiseman Road Silvan, Victoria 3795 Fax/Phone: (03) 9737 9694 Melway Ref. 123 AOR 171 AOR 089 Open 7 days a week 6 6 Paphiopedilums Species and Primary Hybrids SEEDLINGS 70mm pots and Flasks Mail Order Specialist Send stamp for current listings Delivery Skyroad door to door. Up to 3kg — $15.50 Including GST Bankcard, Mastercard & Visa welcome K & H Orchids PO Box 308, Beenleigh, Qld. 4207 Ph: (07) 3287 2343 website: www.khorchids.com Email: ken@khorchids.com AOR 038 37 Florafest pty ita PO Box 583 = Bulimba 4171 Phone O04 1219 2362 Fax 07 4630 1102 www. florafest.com.au eMail: barry@florafest.com.au Oncidium Alliance Speciale All Flowering Size Plants Choose any 6 for $100... 9 for $145 .. 12 for $185 or all 18 for $265 (All freight free ... in Australia) SHADE PRODUCTS WAREHOUSES . Open to the Public “The Best Brands at the Cheapest Prices” AUSTRALIA WIDE GEDNSIGRSE DISCOUNT SHADECLOTH Largest range in Australia 30%-98% shade Over 50 colours Waterproof shadecloth DELIVERY SERVICE * SHADE HOUSES * PLANT STANDS PORTABLE GAZEBOS * SUN SHELTERS * ROLL-UP SHADECLOTH BLINDS * SHADE SAILS & SHADE COVERS MADE TO ORDER Contact one of our Display Centres BRISBANE TOWNSVILLE 5/9 Combarton Street 17 Hamill Street Brendale 4500 Garbutt 4814 Ph 07 3889 8444 Ph 07 4775 1344 www.theshadecentre.com.au Weedstop 7687 Beallara Marfitch 'Galaxy' 5297 Beallara Purple Passion 'Gardenfest’ 7663 Beallara Diana Dunn 'Florafest' 7566 Brassia Rex ‘Highland’ 7641 Colmanara Wildcat Florafest’ 7686 Colmanara Wildcat 'Norman' 8841 Colmanara Wildcat 'Gold Ring’ 7691 Degamoara Flying High ‘Montezuma’ 8858 Miltassia Zanzibar 'Desert Delight’ 5298 Miltoniopsis Emotion ‘Amanda’ 7579 Odontocidium Mayfair ‘Pure Gold’ 8853 Odontocidium Wintergold ‘Crisp & Clear’ 8868 Odm. Midnight Miracles 'Black Friday’ 7262 Oncidium Sharry Baby ‘Perfumed Princess’ 8850 Oncidium Sharry Baby 'Short Sharry' 7684 Oncidium Twinkle ‘Petite Pinkie’ 7693 Wilsonara Kolibri 'Magenta' 7662 Wilsonara Tiger Brew 'Florafest' All Quality Showbench Mericlones from Top International Nurseries. We have many other Oncidium Alliance & Zygopetalum 'Specials' in various sizes. Phone today for our new Catalogue & 'Specials' or visit our Web Site. Qur 2004 Summer Catalogue is Now Available Dark Star Orchids FLASKS, SEEDLINGS AND FLOWERING SIZE PLANTS Imported from top breeders in Germany, UK and Thailand UMBRELLAS Large & Small Side or Centre Pole ‘Robertson| | Orchids | Selections from our Spring Listing CA485 Bic. Mt Isa ‘Jean’ AD/AOC x Bic. Goldenzell ‘High Noon’. Remake of Dal’s Thunder with a different Goldenzelle. Large full shape yellows/golds. 808mm pots $12.50 ea. PH Phal. heiroglyphica. Ivory white flowers overlaid with fine ‘heiro- glyphics’. Tubes $8.00 ea. P1492 Phal. Fireworks x Everspring Pearl. Harlequins with a white background. 2 plant f compots $13.00. ) P1491 Phal. Sogo Golden x Tai-Yewllow Bird. | Much sought after yellow background harle- quins. Tubes $8.00 ea. PA410 Paph. Henrietta Fujiwara alba. Unusual green and white multiflora. Compact grower and easy to flower. Tubes $13.00 ea. PA409 Paph. James Bacon x Asteroid. Creamy white brachypetalums with fine spot- ting. Tubes $13.50 ea. | 262-290 Blackall Range Road | | West Woombye, QId 4559 | | Ph: 07 5442 1913 Fax: 07 5442 2406 Email — robertsonorchid@ozemail.com.au Web site — robertsonorchids.com.au African and Madagascan species Paphs, Lycastes, Vandaceous and more RARE SPECIES AND SOME HYBRIDS ‘Hans Schaible <= PO Box 114 Bowraville NSW 2449 Telephone/Fax (02) 6564 4088 156 Pimpala Road Morphett Vale South Australia 5162 Phone (08) 8381 2609 Fax (08) 8381 8335 Mobile 0419 823 724 * Please note the new address and phone numbers * New Web site - www.valleyorchids.com.au featuring lots of new photos and new releases Send us your email address and we will email you with news, new releases and special offers — cymbids@valleyorchids.com.au If you do not have access to the internet, contact us for lists of plants available. Nu 1s c re) =z 38 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 CULTURAL NOTES long, the plant could end up with root rot. If the media drains well and has good A.S.A.D. this should not be a problem. The small amount of granules in the media should hold back small amount of moisture to hold over for a few days. For a trial you could start by using 15 grams of ALCOSORB to 15 litres of mix. Remember, only do a few pots to start with, and don’t overdo it. Another product that could be of use to cym- bidium growers is the use of POLYACRY- LAMIDES. These products make water stay in suspension longer in potting medias. You mix it with your fertilisers or when just watering, and the product makes the water slow down going through the pot. More news on this product when it comes to hand. Remember, do not overwater your plants after dividing. If you have a problem with plants dying after dividing you may have to resort to a fungi- cide to control root rotting fungi in your potting mix. After potting fertilise weekly with a good fer- tiliser such a MERRI FErT or HSO 12 or even CAMPBELLS “YELLOW”. Watch for black spot on leaves, if present spray with MANCOZEB mixed with SPRAYTECH OIL®. Check for mites. Spray with one of the recognised acaricides such as OMITE® or PYRANICA®. It is good to see PYRANICA® back on the market. Those plants that do not need dividing, top dress with worm casings or a good controlled release fertiliser such as OSMOCOTE PLUS or EXACT with a five to six month release rate. If you are into organics, a handful of ORGANIC LIFE around the top of the pot. | Paphiopedilum A little care is necessary during spring as the weather can be quite variable. We generally have nice warm days and cool nights — ideal conditions for paphs. to begin their main growth cycle. Repotting was covered fairly comprehensively in the notes for July/August, however a few points are worthy of repetition: Paphiopedilums thrive on repotting. it should be done every year for best results, no matter how happy the plant appears or how good the mixture looks. You can only see the top of it. Don’t overpot. use a pot which will comfort- ably hold the roots. ‘Squat’ pots (height about equal to diameter) are best and drainage must be adequate. The base of the plant should be just below the surface of the mixture. ‘Wobbly’ plants should be staked. Don’t use osmocote. It is just great for most orchids but paphs. will not grow a good root sys- tem when it is used. Repotting can be continued throughout this period — in fact, right up until about mid Decem- ber, or later if you have effective cooling. Watering should be done as required. If the weather is hot and dry you may need to water every couple of days; if cool and cloudy, once a week may suffice. It is particularly important to water in he morning if you possibly can. The object is to keep the soil temperature up; you can’t achieve this if you water late in the day. Fertiliser should be given regularly, particu- larly toward the end of this period. It is not too much to water with about half strength fertiliser every second or third watering. I find it very con- venient to use a “‘Hyponex siphon mixer’, which plugs in at the tap end of the hose and sucks the concentrated fertiliser out of a 20 litre bucket. These are cheap and foolproof but they won’t work against a lot of back pressure; I use a ‘Gardenia’ water breaker, screwed well out, on the end of a 20 metre hose and have no trouble. I have always used Aquasol, supplemented with extra iron, a bit of magnesium now and then and Nitrosol which, apart from its value as a fer- tiliser, I believe acts as a wetting agent. Whilst I never really measure anything, the proportions are probably about: two teaspoons of Aquasol, one teaspoon of Nitrosol, a pinch of Iron Chelate and a few pinches of Epsom Salts all dissolved in about 20 litres of water. This is pretty weak, but I use it frequently. About the only pests which trouble paphs. are scale and mealy bug. These become active around early November and it is not a bad idea to spray the collection during this month as a preventive measure. Malascale will clean these up fairly effectively. If you feel really heroic, Supracide is very effective. Whatever you use, take the appro- priate precautions otherwise you may clean up the family dog, or even yourself. Phalaenopsis During spring the weather can be very vari- able. Do not be in a hurry to turn the heat off if you grow in a cool area. Usually it is a good idea to slowly turn the thermostat down a little at a time. Finally stop with it set at a minimum of 10 degrees celsius. By mid October the plants are then in the hand of the good Lord! During spring you can replace this floor with fresh bark, shavings or metal depending what you fancy to keep the humidity up to a reasonable level. Keep plants just damp to keep roots fresh and green. If you water overhead, watch for flowers spotting as a sudden drop in temperature could induce some botrytis spotting. Good air circula- tion is essential. ROVRAL AQUA FLO® can be used to help control spotting. If your plants are prone to crown rot, keep spraying with HYSAN®. Keep fertilising with one of the PETERS prod- ucts such as General Purpose or Peters Excel Hi “N”. A little extra calcium can help keep the spikes strong, not limp. A monthly application of BIOMIN CALCIUM is the way to go. Apply at 0.5 to 1.0 grams per litre monthly. Do not mix with any other fertiliser, as they are not compati- ble! Check for mealy bug and mites. Spray if nec- essary. ECO OIL® monthly should help. Some growers like to use NATRASOAP® mixed with SPRAYTECH OIL®. If your plants only produce small skinny spikes and flowers are thin, not many on spike, check your watering and fertilis- ing routine. Light is only a factor. Now is the time to buy a few seedlings for next season’s flowering. If you are into showing, buy good white crosses. Most novelty crosses look nice but do not have the number. | Vandaceous Watering:— Water daily. Keep the root system moist with additional misting if necessary. Light:— Strap leaf vandas and ascocendas need 50 to 70% shade. Terete and semi-terete about 30%. Fertiliser:— Fertilise weekly alternating over a four weekly period. Wk.1.— Inorganic high nitrogen (Campbells B, Aqua feed or Aquasol). Wk.2. — Foliar/Trace element (Wuxall Foliar). Wk.3.— As for Wk.1. Wk 4. — Organic (Fish Emulsion or Nitrosol). Pest Control:— Fungicide every six weeks with Ridomil MZ WP, Daconil, Mancozeb or Wettable Sulphur). Use Diazanon, Malathion or Pyrethrum to con- trol insect pests. _ | Proprietors: Mick & Jan Coe Ph/Fax 02 6566 6454 Mobile: 0411 348 311 Email: arakoon@midcoast.com.au Smokey Cape Orchids “Specialising in Cattleyas, Cymbidiums, Dendrobiums & Oncidiums” Send SAE for our latest catalogue OPEN SATURDAY DURING FLOWERING SEASON. Supplementary list is now available. Open Saturday or by appointment. Bus trips welcome PO Box 320 South West Rocks NSW 2431 We accept Bankcard — Mastercard — Visa — Eftpos AOR200 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 ~ Dennis and Dianne Diehm PO Box 1119, Griffith, NSW 2680 Phone (02 6962 2007 eS Fax (02) 6964 5959 ma) www.dendiorchids.com.au *” Phalaenopsis — Harlequin and Novelty Cattleya — Miniature and Mid Size Open by appointment only 624 Overs Road, Griffith NSW Catalogue on request 39 World Wide SPECIES ORCHIDS Mail Order Flasks, Seedlings, Flowering size. Burleigh Park Orchid Nursery 54 Hammond Way, Thuringowa, 4815. Ph/Fax 0747 740 008 Lists by mail or email: ian@speciesorchids.com www speciesorchids.com Propagators of the Rare, Beautiful and Unusual Orchid Species of the World. Accredited CITES & Phyto Export AOR 013 NN | NNN] ‘conditions? J 1 NI IN Nbs Ny : SSN S. Glen i \ Have orchids, will send 25 years experience in Mail Order Regular lists of Odm. Intergenerics, Masdevallias, Zygopetalums, Cymbidiums, Sarcochilus etc. Send stamp and address for up to date list Mt. Beenak Orchids 27 Hacketts Creek Road, THREE BRIDGES, VIC. 3797 Ph/Fax (03) 5966 7253 Email: mtbeenak@valylink.net.au www.nurseriesonline.com.au N yu ! your plants suffering ‘from extreme weather Will create the ultimate micro climate for your orchids “Specialising in Orchid Houses for over 25 years NBbaGh Features ¢ Kit form with written instructions and video ‘ean be shipped everywhere + Simplicity - Portability - Modular gaa be} lengthened to meet your needs) - ¢ Strong - Economical | N | No Maintenance 151 Ny Parade, Thorneside, Brisbane Qld 4158 Ph 07 3207 2793 G2 Flaski y4 ais available DAVID for most KEANELLY ORCHIDS genera... 22 Emmett Street Golden Square Victoria 3555 Phone (03) 5442 4806 Mobile 0411 352 036 Email dkorchids@smartchat.net.au 40 AOR177 Fax 07 3822 2307 PRIVATE SPECIES COLLECTION FOR SALE CATTLEYAS * ONCIDIUMS * ENCYCLIAS DENDROBIUMS & OTHERS SEND FOR LISTS EMAIL VERNAJEFF@YAHOO.COM PHONE 02 9758 4791 WORK FACSIMILE 02 9758 4793 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 BOOKS FROM AOR’S MAIL ORDER BOOKSHOP As an added bonus, the ‘Australian Orchid Review” will include, at no extra cost, a special Christmas card bearing your good wishes. For book list and order form see insert in centre of magazine i i ei arsenate nt ocean on er ACH an She Na AL lca Cn AARC | ms. i | a | | t > ", y JRCHIWVS PRESENTED BY THE AUSTRALIAN CYMBIDIUM SOCIETY INC. Editor’s Report here are all sorts of reasons for becoming involved with cymbidi- ums — for some it’s a business, a com- mercial venture, possibly an alternative to the rat race, a sea change and escape from the city. For others it may be the challenge of show bench competition or the pleasure and anticipation of making new Cymbidium hybrids or, perhaps, just the enjoyment of their beautiful flowers and the relaxation that pottering about among orchids brings. For many it is the combination of some or all of those things, and more. The involvement in a Cymbidium orchid club can be another benefit. The sharing of experiences, the company of like-minded people, even the work which comes from involvement in a club or show committee, which may be hectic at times especially when organ- ising a major show (and the pay is always terrible), but the satisfaction when it is all over and has been a suc- cess is worth every bit of it. Some of us are either lucky enough or crazy enough, depending on how you look at it, to edit publications like this and it’s certainly hectic at times with deadlines seeming to clash with mundane and less important pursuits like going to work, business trips, and Editorial Panel the like but, somehow, when each issue comes together, Barry Badger and the Graphic World team then manage to make us look good in the end. We enjoy doing it and readers, in the main, seem to like it, so how lucky are we? This issue brings a little of all those things I’ve mentioned. Peter Moore, still recovering from staging the National Cymbidium Show has pro- vided his recollection of the event — the competition, the plant sales, the show dinner, and the enjoyment of it all. Bob Battye and Rob Smith give a brief pro- file of this year’s ACS Award of Recognition recipient, Kevin Black, who has joined the select list of previ- ous Australian Cymbidium identities of Alvin Bryant, Dean Roesler, Bob Nicole, Syd Monkhouse, John Gulbis and Ern Kettle. Grant Cole, from the USA, brings us his insights into Cym. devonianum hybrids and discusses his love of pen- dulous cymbidiums. Carolin Allen reports on the cymbidiums that caught her eye at the 2004 Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular and reviews the show from a Cymbidium lover’s perspective and, to finish off, Graham Clark’s talent as a poet looks at the “dreaded disease” Orchid Fever. Good growing. a Noe Smith Editor. Dean Roesler 20 Lawson Road Kalbeeba, SA 5118 Tel/Fax: (08) 8522 6886 Noe Smith 24 William Hunter Court Rosebud, Vic 3939 Tel: (03) 5986 1121 Fax: (03) 5982 1847 Rob Smith 24 William Hunter Court Rosebud, Vic 3939 Tel: (03) 5986 1121 Fax: (03) 5982 1847 HOW TO JOIN A CYMBIDIUM CLUB IN YOUR STATE CYMBIDIUM CLUB OF AUSTRALIA INC. Meetings are held on the 2nd Thursday of each month (except December, January and February) Meetings commence 8.00 p.m. Venue: Lakemba Chapter Remembrance Hall, 220 Lakemba Street, Lakemba, Sydney, N.S.W. For further details contact Secretary, Peter Moore, 10 Stephanie Street, Padstow, N.S.W. 2211 Phone: (02) 9721 0572 President, Geoff LeMarne, Phone: (02) 9449 9648 CYMBIDIUM CLUB OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA INC. Meetings are held on the 4th Wednesday of each month (except December and January) Auditorium open from 7.00 p.m. — Beginners’ Group commences 7.20 p.m. Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Burnside Community Centre, 401 Greenhill Road, Tusmore, Adelaide, S.A. For further details contact Secretary, Graham Shevlin, 22 Australian Avenue, Clovelly Park S.A. 5042 Phone: (08) 8276 7652 President, Murray Baulderstone, Phone: (08) 8276 3771 THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID CLUB OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA INC. Meetings are held on the 3rd Monday of each month (except January and February) Benching of plants commences 7.15 p.m. Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Belmont Sports & Recreation Club, Abernethy Rd, Belmont, W.A. For further details contact Secretary, Marilyn Thomas, 17 Broula Road, Kalamunda, WA 6076 Phone: (08) 9293 0524 President, Nado Lenkic Phone: (08) 9293 3196 THE CYMBIDIUM ORCHID SOCIETY OF VICTORIA INC. Meetings are held on 2nd Tuesday of each month (except January) Popular Vote commences 7.50 p.m. — Main Meeting commences 8.00 p.m. Venue: Mt. Waverley Youth Centre, Millers Crescent, Mt. Waverley, Victoria. For further details contact Secretary, Kevin Brown, 4 Riviera Street, Mt Waverley, Victoria 3149 President, Peter Sunderland, Phone: (03) 9808 1224 a Phone: (03) 5998 2535 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 fiat) 41 Top and above: Grand Champion of Show, Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Owner, David Wain. 42 mong the unique features of the National Cymbidium Show is the annual rotation of the venue and host state d Mand, in 2004, it once again became New South Wales’ turn to host the event — and what an event it was! The Fleurijn Orchids-Holland & Sydney Orchid Centre’s 2004 National Cymbidium Orchid Show was up there with the best we’ve seen and, once again, some of the nation’s best Cymbidium growers, both amateur and commercial, brought together some of the best cymbidiums grown and produced any- where in the world. Along with the massed displays from exhibitors, some of the country’s top commercial nurseries were on site selling quality plants throughout the duration of the show, adding another dimension to the event for those who vis- ited, whether from orchid clubs or the orchid-loving public. From the host state’s point of view it was great to see so many people come together to make the show a success after the club’s 18-months of planning and preparation. Everyone involved worked very hard and to see so many people enjoying the show was what really made it all worthwhile. Thanks must go to all of the show’s sponsors, from the naming rights spon- sors to the other major sponsors and to the Cymbidium Club of Australia (NSW) members who individually sponsored the gen- eral and colour classes. Without this level of support shows of the standard of the National Cymbidium Show would not be possible. Thanks must also go to the venue and its staff — The Sunnybrook Hotel & Convention Centre proved to be an ideal venue in so many ways. Not only did the Grand Ballroom have excellent access, space and facilities to display cymbidiums, it was able to accommodate hundreds of exhibitors, sellers and visitors with restaurants and bars and made the show one of the easiest to attend and participate in, bar none. Behind the scenes the staff worked extremely hard to assist with the smooth run- ning of the show and were of invaluable help to the organising committee by keeping the services going right up until the Weary end. Congratulations must go to all those who exhibited plants and staged displays, especially those from interstate, making the event truly national. It was also pleasing to see a number of Overseas visitors again this year who hailed from New Zealand, Holland, Japan, and the USA, including Leon Van Rijn’s father, Wim, who was making his first trip to Australia. Leon not only sponsors the National Cymbidium Show through his company Fleurijn Orchids-Holland but, together with his brother, also Wim, sponsors their special Cut Flower class. Leon is also Patron of the Cymbidium Club of South Australia and has become an annual visitor to our country during our main show season. When it came to judging the show there was plenty of work Text by Peter Moore — FB The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 National 1m Show ‘otography by Rob Smith for the various judging teams with so many high quality exhibits and displays but, if the general comments during the show are any guide, the judges did a pretty good job overall. Grand Champion of the Show and Champion Intermediate went to David Wain and his flawless flowering of the Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’. Although only a small division, David’s plant carried two tall spikes with good counts of shapely mid-pink blooms. Champion Large Flower was Cym. MacLure’s Quest ‘Starquest’, exhibited by Schaefer’s Orchids, a large and full- shaped white on an arching spike. Champion Small Standard and Champion Small Standard Seedling was won by Battack Orchids with their Cym. (Poetic Winter x Joans Charisma) now registered at Cym. Vanity Fair, and was a full-shaped white with a lightly marked labellum flowering well on a young seedling plant. Champion Miniature was won by Schaefer’s Orchids with ’ Cym. (Jessie Blakiston x Summer Clouds). lll Champion Specimen was awarded to a superbly grown and Champion Small Standard, Cym. Vanity Fair. Owner, Battack Orchids. - yy ; \ _s or J uy Champion Display. Battack Orchids. The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Champion Species and ACS Certificate of Excellence, Cym. erythraeum. _ Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig) HCC/ACS. Owner, Murray Weston. Owner, Royale Orchids. ACS President Helen Stretch presenting the trophy for Champion Display _ Leon Van Rijn presenting the perpetual trophy for the Leon & Wim Van Rij to Kevin Black and Bob Battye of Battack Orchids. Special Class to Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids. The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids receiv- ing a gift of Dutch clogs from Leon Van Rijn - | Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant ‘Keen’. ACS award ACS award recipient, Cym. (Winter Paradise x they might not go with the suit but they could be __ recipient. Owner, Bryants Orchids. Lone Star). Owner, Kimberley Orchids. just the thing for the orchid house. The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 45 46 Pes my rm Shipway and Terry Davis. flowered Cym. One Tree Hill ‘John’s Quest’ exhibited by P Keomalavong. Champion Novelty was won by Royale Orchids with their Cym. (Robin x Disney Girl) with its heavily spotted novelty- shaped flowers presented on arching spikes. Champion Cut Stem went to Moss Bray’s Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig). Seedlings are the lifeblood of Cymbidium development and, as such, are important classes in the National Cymbidium Show schedule. Along with the previously mentioned Champion Small Standard Seedling, the following plants won the seedling champion prizes in the other size classes... Champion Large Flower Seedling won by Cym. [Autumn Crisp x (Red Panther x Atlantic Crossing)] and exhibited by Royale Orchids. Champion Intermediate Seedling won by Cym. (Amesbury x Valley Zenith) ‘Kierra’ and exhibited by Terry Poulton. Champion Miniature Seedling won by Cym. (Jessie Blakiston x Yowie Flame) and exhibited by Kimberley Orchids. Winners of the Leon and Wim Van Rijn Award, a class judged outside the normal show schedule, were: Ist Place — Cym. (Kelly’s Winter x Royale Fare) — Kimberley Orchids. 2nd Place — Cym. Julie Hawkes ‘Kelly’ — Moss Bray. 3rd Place — Cym. (Culpaulin x Coraki Advent) — Barrita Orchids. Leon and his associates judge this section based on what they see as possibly meeting their cut flower requirements and may propose discussions on trialing the winning cymbidiums under their conditions if the owners are interested in exploring the com- mercial potential of their plants. Within the show’s display classes the judges were faced with some tough decisions as the standard was so high, both in terms of the quality of the cymbidiums used and the artistic merit of many of the displays. With fierce competition between the state clubs for both the John Mata Trophy and the ACS Trophy, the honours eventually went to Western Australia and Victoria. Western Australia won the Most Innovative Display and the ACS Trophy with their very striking display based on an Olympic theme, and Victoria won the John Mata Trophy for Best Display by a State Club. Champion Display of the Show was won by Battack Orchids and, in the other display classes, Royale Orchids won the Large Commercial Display section, Ezi-Gro Orchids won the Medium Commercial Display section, N Shipway & T Davis won the Medium Hobbyist Display section, and R & P Gibson won the Small Hobbyist Display section. As with all national shows, it would be possible to go on and on for several pages mentioning eye-catching displays and flow- ers, but one must draw the line somewhere, although mention of some awards given is certainly appropriate and the following plants received ACS awards: Cym. Valley Olympic ‘Pink Perfection’ — owned by David Wain. Cym. (Poetic Winter x Joans Charisma) — owned by Battack Orchids. Cym. Memoria Joan Bryant ‘Keen’ — owned by Bryants Orchids. Cym. erythraeum — owned by Royale Orchids. Cym. (Pendragon x Valya Craig) — owned by Murray Weston. Cym. (Winter Paradise x Lone Star) — owned by Kimberley Orchids. Cym. (Show Off x Ruby Eyes) — owned by Moss Bray. A major part of all National Cymbidium shows is the show The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 ’ ee a ey Cig dinner, which is held on the Saturday night. Once again, Sunnybrook Hotel & Convention Centre supplied the venue in another of their large function rooms, and over 120 registrants, sponsors and visitors turned out full of enthusiasm and high spir- its. CCA(NSW) President, Geoff LeMarne, and ACS President, Helen Stretch, MC’d the evening and spoke about the success of the show and thanked sponsors and workers, and announced and presented major champion prizes. Among the many highlights of the night was the presentation of the ACS Award of Recognition. As the presentation of this award is always a closely guarded secret, the recipient was taken completely by surprise (see the separate article elsewhere in this issue). Another highlight of the evening was Leon Van Rijn’s pre- sentations to the winners of the Leon & Wim Van Rijn Special Class. Leon always makes a special effort and, along with the generous prize money provided each year, he also presented the winners with a pair of genuine Dutch clogs — which each recip- ient had to put on. First place winner, Peter Sunderland of Kimberley Orchids, seemed to take a shine to his pair and, per- haps, they might become a regular part of his wardrobe? The evening also provided a highlight for well-known Sydney Cymbidium identity Fred Weir. Fred had received a Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria award at last year’s national show at Ararat in Victoria and Ern Kettle, COSV Registrar, made a sur- prise presentation of the award certificate to Fred — his first award in 35 years of Cymbidium growing and showing! As such events involving Cymbidium enthusiasts do, the evening concluded with swapped stories of future champions coming on at home, who won what and why, where do you get a division or clone of something seen in the show and, of course, with old friendships being renewed and new ones made. Growing cymbidiums is a great life! The 2004 National Cymbidium Show drew to a close on Sunday afternoon and, as is always the case, was pulled down and packed up in a fraction of the time taken to put it all together just four short days before. Goodbyes were said and everyone headed for home to recover before making plans for next year’s national show to be staged in South Australia. See you there. Peter Moore 10 Stephanie St Padstow NSW 2111 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 John Mata Trophy winning display. Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria. ACS award recipient, Cym. ( Show Off x Ruby Eyes ) . Owner, Moss Bray. 47 GLENWOOD ORCHIDS Pty. Ltd. Introducing... Tracey Reddaway “Glenwood” Flowered for the first time in 2004 this filled-in bright yellow maintained its superb shape for the life of the flowers. Having seen many of its siblings, none have the shape and colour of this clone. Watch for seedlings in flask. The 2004 flowering season has produced numer- ous new first flowering seedlings for us that have been immediately introduced to our range of stud plants. An extensive range of seed pods has been set and from these we will select the best for sow- ing. The range of colours will be extensive and we expect to produce our best listing of exhibi- tion and pot plant trade stock ever. Our 2003 seedling flask list is available now and our 2004 list will be issued around December. All lists are available by e-mail in either MS Word, PDF or HTML format. Those wanting regu- lar e-mail lists should contact us nominating which lists and which genera are required (see our website for details). Our web site will be updated at the end of the current season to include photos of the latest addi- tions to our stud stock. Fax: E mail has made this service redundant and will be discontinued in 2005 E mail: glenorchids@ebbs.com.au = Web Site: www.glenorchids.com.au Phone: (03) 9782 2668 WE EXPORT WORLD WIDE PHONE: 041 239 1989 TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS %* EXCLUSIVE CYMBIDIUM MERICLONES * NO ORIGINALS RELEASED FROM A1-A3 — BEWARE OF PROLIFERATIONS %*& ALL “A” SIZE PLANTS AVAILABLE ONLY * Al CHOC VALLEY ‘SYLVIE’ 4N AM/AOC *& Refer to A.O.R. Feb/March 2001 for colour description. Has produced up to five spikes per growth/bulb with up to 17 flowers 115-125mm. Flowers in autumn, winter and spring. Clones $20 each or two for $35, Community pots of 25 plants @$175 each. %& A2 WINTER VALLEY ‘EYE CATCHER’ (4N) HCC/AOC (2003). A winter flowering showbench pink (Intermediate) with a bold red lip, upright spiking. Clones $20 each, two for $35 or three for $45. Community pots of 25 plants @ $100 each. * A3 STRATH MEADOWS ‘TWO TONE’ (4N). An award quality white with crimson overtone with a bright bold eye catching labellum. Upright spikes are produced from late June to August. Good show, pot plant and breeder. Clones @$15 each or two for $25 (limited). (Standard Cym.) %* Discounts apply to commercial orders * Thousands of new seedlings are currently growing on, enquiries welcome. KKK KK KKK KEK KX FOR PRICE LIST — Send S.A.E. to: TOM BURIAN ORCHIDS R.S.D. 87, STRATHALBYN, S.A. 5255 Nursery at:— Lot 25 Heinjus Road, Strathalbyn, $.A. 5255 (Nursery open weekends only) Phone: 041 239 1989 AOR182 SX S@ Alan & Miriam Merriman Sy ( $ 89 Levy Street, Glenbrook NSW 2773 The Orchid People Sydney’s only one stop Orchid Shop We carry a large range of orchid requisits Port Pots always in stock We have a large range of Tassie Spag. Moss in all pack sizes Stakes - Water Breakers Nie-co Rolls Thermometers PH and EC Meters Sydney Agent for Woolf Orchidculture ALAN’S FERTLIZER HANDBOOK Price $10.45 including postage ALAN’S PEST and DISEASE HANDBOOK Price $18.70 per copy including postage “Nursery open most weekends for all your orchid requisits * Growing classes held monthly PHONE: 0247 395 141 Fax 0247 398 090 email: mirannorchids@pnc.com.au BANKCARD, MASTERCARD AND VISA Do you love Cymbidiums and Paphiopedilums? The Cymbidium Society of America invites you to join Membership includes six issues of the colourful Orchid Adventures magazine CURRENT ANNUAL DUES US$30.00 (Includes Surface mail postage) ADD US$20.00 for overseas Air Mail [VISA, MASTERCARD, JCB or cheques in U.S. funds only] c/o Matthew Swift, Membership Secretary 6658 Carnelian Street, Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91701-4515 USA Phone/Fax 909-483-5590 E-mail cymsociety @prodigy.net AOR 193 48 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Australian Cymbidium Society Award of Recognition Kevin Black Text by Bob Battye and Rob Smith — Photography by Rob Smith he ACS Award of Recognition is not an annual award, rather one is given when a nominee deemed worthy of it is put forward by a member state body and is duly accepted by the ACS member state bodies via their dele- gates. Recognition for the award can be for a number or combination of rea- sons as with past recipients who have been recognised for significant hybri- dising achievements, promotion of cymbidiums, development of the gen- era, or service to cymbidiums, clubs and members. The seventh, and 2004 recipient of the ACS Award of Recognition was nominated for his contributions in a number of areas over some 30 years and, the ACS and its member clubs and delegates congratulate Kevin Black on his receipt of this award. Kevin’s involvement with cymbidi- ums began with his interest in the orchids his father grew, which led to Kevin’s beginning his own collection. After “dabbling” in orchids for a num- ber of years Kevin began to grow them more seriously 30 or so years ago and has competed at shows for more than 25 years. Through cymbidiums, Kevin got to know the Bryant family and eventually commenced working part- time with Greg Bryant in more recent years when Greg took over the nursery on his father’s retirement. Around 30 years ago, Kevin and a number of other New South Wales- Dural Orchids Australia Our 2004 catalogue is now available containing new mericlones ACS Award of Recognition recipient Kevin Black (centre) receiving his award from ACS President, Helen Stretch, with CCA(NSW) President, Geoff LeMarne. based Cymbidium enthusiasts formed a loose group which became the Cymbidium Club of Australia/NSW) some 25 years ago. Kevin, along with Bob Battye, his great mate and fellow hybridiser, are the only remaining founder members of the club and both remain active members and willing workers. Over the years Kevin has held a number of positions with the CCA(NSW) including club President. Not content to promote and develop cymbidiums throughout his home state, he became a foundation delegate of the Australian Cymbidium Society and was a prime contributor as the fledgling national body found its feet and defined its direction, purpose and charter. While serving as a delegate on the ACS committee, he also served as and seedling crosses. Send self-addressed envelope to: Dural Orchids Australia P.O. Box 3359, Dural, NSW 2158 Treasurer and, during the same period, was a prime mover and organiser when the CCA(NSW) hosted the National Cymbidium Show on two occasions. Despite supposedly cutting back on his voluntary workload over the past couple of years to allow he and his wife, Robyn, to enjoy their retirement, Kevin provided his experience and assistance during the club’s prepara- tion for and hosting of the recently held 2004 National Cymbidium Show. During the past 20 years or so, and in partnership with Bob Battye, Kevin has worked as a Cymbidium hybridiser. Miniature and Intermediate cymbidiums have been the area they chose to concentrate on and Battack Orchids has built a strong reputation for their well planned breeding pro- gram, with crosses such as Cym. Bing Santa, Cym. Mini Khan, Cym. Alcatoy, Cym. Pure Cloud and Cym. Jessie Khan optimising their hybridising phi- losophy of producing compact-grow- ing, floriferous, shapely and colourful cymbidiums. As aclub member, committee mem- ber and ACS delegate, Kevin has brought a commonsense, balanced and enthusiastic approach to the promotion of cymbidiums and the management of the CCA(NSW) and the ACS. As a hybridiser he has proven to be gener- ous with his knowledge and experi- ence, willing to pass on what he’s learned to others, whether established hybridisers or, more particularly, beginners, or those who’s breeding efforts are strictly amateur. To date, Kevin Black has built an impressive bank of achievements and contributions worthy of this award and those who know him will confirm that he has much more to give in the future too. 2004 CYMBIDIUM CATALOGUE SPRINGFIELD ORCHIDS Owner and Breeder of the Address: 702 Old Northern Road, Dural, NSW 2158 2003 Seedling of the Year Op en: 6 days (Mon-Sat) 9am-3pm Cym. ed Kisses ‘Viridian’ Phone: 61 2 9651 1294 (Sydney) = SEE SRT ae Mobile: 0413 209 781 Or 0413 209 782 all tk OM Ge evan rae cae Email OrchidsAustralia@hotmail.com S| |5 " Prop: Nedoilentis [ices a i Se Ce a NS SOE ND EN MLR TN Ee 8 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 49 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Chatsworth, ancestral home of Cym. devonianum A look at Cymbidium devonianum More observations by an amateur Text by Grant Cole — Photography by Grant Cole & Tony Velardi erhaps more has been written about Cym. devonianum than any other species. This may be due to the immense popularity it has achieved in the recent years as a breeder of in vogue pendant novelty cymbidiums. History Cym. devonianum was first discovered, by John Gibson, growing as an epiphyte in the Khasia Hills of India. Gibson was an orchid hunter working for the Duke of Devonshire. Gibson shipped the plant to the Duke in 1837. The plant did not flower until 1843 when a nurseryman for the Duke discovered the spike growing down into the mix. Consequently, the plant was planted higher in the mix so as not to have a repeat of this problem. Sir Joseph Paxton, who was superintendent of the Duke’s estates and a prominent botanist, first described the plant in the Botanical Magazine. Paxton named the species for the Duke. Sir Joseph Hooker, a noted British botanist, and others found the plant a few years later growing on rocks in Sikkim and Darjeeling. All specimens were collected in elevations from 4,000 to almost 6,000 feet. In 1978, a source of Cym. devoni- 50 anum was found in Northern Thailand. Unconfirmed sightings have also been claimed in Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Description Cym. devonianum is in my opinion the este oon most pendant of all the miniature Cymbidium species. In all that [have seen, the flower spike emerges from the base of the psuedobulb horizontally to downward. The spike is often found buried deep in the substrate or growing medium. In other Map showing the natural growing range of Cym. devonianum The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 Cym. Olive Street ‘Perfection’ (Darjeeling X devonianum). Owner Grant Cole. Hybridiser Keith Andrew pendant cymbidiums, the spike emerges vertically and later falls under the weight of the extended spike and flowers. When the Cym. devonianum spike reaches the edge of the pot or end of its support, it immediately plunges straight downward. It is found in nature growing well as both an epiphyte in trees and a lithophyte in rocks with an accumulation of forest litter and mosses. It is reported to thrive in damp and moist climates during the growing season. The mature psuedobulbs are approximately one-half to one inch wide and somewhat taller than they are wide. Psuedobulbs have from two to six leaves not exceeding 14 inches in length. Large leaves may be as much as three inches wide. The leaves are unique among cym- bidiums in that they have a petiole or stem with a narrow lengthwise groove. New emerging growth and spikes are colored a dark blackish purple. Cym. devonianum readily sets seed in nature. However, no one seems to know what insect is the pol- linator. One reason reported is that no one is willing to spend a night in the jungle to observe the pollinator. The plants are often found with an abundance of seedpods. The pods are about a half inch in diameter, one inch long, and coloured a glossy black. The flower spike may have fifteen to thirty flowers evenly distributed around the spike. On one rare occasion, one bloomed with fifty-two flowers on a single spike. The flowers are about one inch across hor- izontally and slightly more vertically. The sepals are elongated-oval in shape, with edges that reflex backwards and more so in Andrew the lower sepals which may twist. The petals are smaller, and diamond shaped. The segments may vary from a light yel- low green to dark green and be overlaid with purple-red spots and stripes. The col- umn is pale green with occasional red overlay near the tip. The pollen caps are distinctly white. The lip is spade shaped and is white with an overlay of red spots and two large, very dark, purplish-red aren) 3! Leaf tip burn on Cym. devonianum The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Cym. (Olive Street x Davidia) ‘Mystique’. A second generation Cym. devo- nianum hybrid with unusual white lip. Owner Cal-Orchids. Hybridiser Keith \ spots at the widest part. On a few rare spec- imens, the dots fuse and the lip is nearly entirely red..Cym. devonianum usually flowers in April and May in the Northern Hemisphere. Culture Cym. devonianum grows well in out- door Southern California, however some growers complain of difficulty. I have seen 51 C Lifesty Botanics Proprietors Simon and Raye Lenkic Seedling FLASK list — Includes crossings such as: Without Peer’Princess’ x Snow Eagle ‘Maylene’; Cocktail Wonder ‘Frilly’ x Red Valley ‘Strawberry Ripple’; Red Valley ‘Brilliant’ x Yowie Rose ‘Joyce’; Kiata ‘Royal Velvet’ 4N x Tethys’ ‘Black Magic’ 4N; Princess Kate ‘Vibrant’ x Khan Flame ‘Raquel’; Cinnamon Wall ‘Cinnamon’ x Tracey Reddaway ‘Sunkist’ Write, phone or e-mail for your copy of our plant list or seedling flask list. Plant catalogue: containing divisions, clones and seedlings. Write, phone or e-mail for your copy of our plant list or seedling flask list. RSD Lot 32 Coventry Road, KUDLA S.A. 5115 Phone (08) 8254 7964 Sehaeters Orchids Coco Jim ‘Starquest’ AM | “The longest lasting flowers that I know...” Four months is a long time... imagine a Cymbidium in flower for four whole months! This is the reality of our favourite standard yellow Cymbidium. Tracey Reddaway ‘Sungold’ has flowers that last from mid June to mid October most years here at Gawler. It is also very easy to grow and flower... our big display plants often carry 2 spikes per bulb. The bright yellow flowers do not fade during their 4 months on display. For details of other fine plants please see our latest Catalogue, sent free on request. SS 52 e-mail: botanics@chariot.net.au OPENING TIMES All welcome Fridays 9.00 to 4.00 all year, but closed December 17 to January 30. Saturday mornings April 1 to November 1. FREE POTTING DEMONSTRATIONS available Opening Days. POTTING REQUISITES Bills super fertiliser Superior Cym Potting Mix Metal pot hangers Pots 125, 150, 175, 200 and 250mm sizes — 200mm 10 for $5.00; 250mm 7 for $10.00. CLONES of the latest cym showbench varieties available from Nursery. ADDRESS Nursery located 15 minutes north of Castle Hill at 30 Mansfield Rd Galston NSW 2159. Tel 02 9653 1784 Free catalogue available In our regular Cymbidium Catalogue you will find a large range of miniatures, intermediates and standards. Most are selected for eye appeal plus ease of growth and flowering. Ask for your free catalogue today We are open from June to October inclusive. 6 days a week, 10am to 4pm, closed Tuesdays. Other times by appointment Peter Chiles Orchids 5 Peacock Avenue GAWLER SA 5118 Phone: (08) 85223883 Showbench, Cut Flower & Pot Plant Cymbidiums at below wholesale prices. Flowering size plants in 175mm pots must go to make room for new stock. $5.00 ea. plus freight minimum 20 plants Telephone or Email for list Glenn Heylen Easy Orchids Womma Road, Penfield SA 08 8284 7174 glenn@easyorchids.com.au J Sick of writing plant tags? - THEN WE CAN HELP YOU - Small Runs of printed tags - Great prices - Quick Turn-a-round Ea See PLANT TAC? Contact David or Pauline Brewster at Email: apt@tags.net.au Web: tags.net.au Tel: (03) 9761 1100 Fax: (03) 9761 0892 / AOR 009 9 The Grove, Boronia, Vic. 3155 ORCHID SPECIAL A&B FERTILISERS Food for all Orchid Species Crystalline — fully water soluble — especially manufactured for better orchids. Rich in 8 essential mineral trace elements. ORCHID SPECIAL A (Yellow Compound) 11.13.16 plied at initiation of flower spikes and continued gh to the end of flowering. The high phosphorus and potassium and the low nitrogen content stimulates flowering and ensures a better bloom. ORCHID SPECIAL B (Blue Compound) 30.4.8 For established plants, applied at completion of flowering through to initiation of flower spikes, Young and developing orchids should be fed regularly the W year. The high nitrogen stimulates plant growth and plant vigour. Packed in 500g and 3kg units. Periodic feeding 15g in 5 litres of water. Regular feeding 2g in 5 litres of water. Campbell Orchid Special A&B Fertilisers “just for good orchids” For the name of your local supplier contact: NSW: Products of Excellence (02) 9417 0277, Beresford Park Nursery Supplies (02) 4966 5477, Frank Slattery Orchids (02) 9150 7985. ACT: C.1.C. Supplies (02) 6241 7477. VIC: Fertool Distributors (03) 9796 4433. QLD: Burnell Agencies (07) 3394 2211, J.C. & A.T. Searle (07) 5497 2022 WA: Nurserymens Supplies (08) 9353 2536. SA: Munns Lawn Co. P/L (08) 8277 8000 NT: Tropigro (08) 8984 3200 A product of COLIN CAMPBELL (CHEMICALS) PTY. LTD. 5 Blackfriar Place, Wetherill Park, NSW 2164 Telephone (02) 9725 2544 Fax: (02) 9604 7768 P.O. Box 6789, Wetherill Park, NSW 2164, AOR 037 The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 CYMBIDIU RALIA it growing well out of doors just a few yards from the ocean in Santa Barbara. Therefore, it is definitely a cool grower. I have nursed a couple plants of it back from the edge of death, and then I have killed a few too. Cym. devonianum is very sensi- tive to salt and the leaf tips will burn and spot at the least hint of salt in the water supply. If your water supply is high in salt content, you may want to try a little deion- ized or reverse Osmosis water occasion- ally. Otherwise, you can give them a thor- ough flushing when watering. They are more tolerant of moisture than other cym- bidiums and may be grown wetter through the hot summer months. Keith Andrew stated that Cym. devonianum enjoys a daily watering during the active growing season and being placed in a saucer of water. He also stated that the plant should not be allowed to become too dry during the winter or the spikes will be short. The plants in my collection when growing well will accumulate a layer of green moss on the media surface. In the wild, they have been reported to be found growing occa- sionally in full sunlight. However, most growers prefer slightly less light for Cym. devonianum than other cymbidiums. Cym. devonianum should be potted high in the mix and the mix should nearly fill the pot. The spikes will creep along the surface of the mix and occasionally dip into it. It may be necessary to place a plastic pot label under the spike to guide it over the edge of the pot. I know one grower that places his plants of Cym. devonianum on the very top of the mix and then uses wire to tie the plant to the pot and medium. The reason for this is that the older back-bulbs loose their roots quickly and the plant needs to be stabilized. If your plant needs to be divided, divide it immediately after blooming. Because of this plant’s sensitiv- ity to salt, it is recommended to use a min- imum of fertilizer. Breeding Traits At this writing, there are 132 registered hybrids of Cym. devonianum and count- ing. Through 1970, there were only thir- teen. Through 1980, there were twenty- eight registrations, doubling in only ten years. Through 1990, there were sixty- seven registrations, doubling again. Through 2000, there were one hundred twenty registrations. At this rate, there should be in excess of 240 registered Cym. devonianum hybrids by 2010. Obviously, Cym. devonianum hybrids are going to be around for some time. At one time minia- ture flowered cymbidiums, like Cym. devonianum, were considered to be only a botanical curiosity and of no horticultural interest or worth. In 113 crosses, Cym. devonianum is shown as the pollen parent. In eighteen crosses, Cym. devonianum is indicated as Cym. Metamorphosis ‘Cole’s Fusion’ (Winter Wonder x devonianum). Owner Grant Cole. Hybridiser Geyserland Orchids The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Cym. \tchycoo Park ‘Aclare’ (Phar Lap x devoni- pi) Owner Tony Velardi. Hybridiser Norm orter Cym. Bermagui ‘Annamarie’ (Negrito x devoni- anum) Bronze/CSA, HCC/AOS. Owned and hybridised by Grant Cole 53 CYMBIDIU TRALIA 54 Cym. Last Tango ‘Boo Boo’ (Tropic Night x devonianum). Owner Hybridiser Geyserland Orchids Cym. Jack Hudlow ‘San-Gabriel Branch’ (High Sierra x devonianum Velardi. Hybridiser Geyserland Orchids Tony Velardi. ). Owner Tony the pod parent. Of those eighteen, eight are shown as pollinated by complex hybrids. I suspect most of those are incorrect, as Cym. devonianum does not usually per- form well or at all as a pod parent polli- nated by a hybrid. There is only one form of Cym. devoni- anum. There are no sub-species as in other species, but there is considerable variation in the colouring and shape of the flowers. For this reason, selection of plants to breed with must be done prudently. Cym. devonianum appears to work equally well as a pollinator of diploid as well as tetraploid parents. You are more likely to get a pendant spike habit when crossing with a diploid than with a tetraploid parent. Diploid parents with a rigid upright spike habit will be less likely to make pendant hybrids when crossed with Cym. devonianum than those with soft arching spikes. As the ploidy of the offspring increases from diploid to tetraploid, the flowers usually increase in size and fullness of shape. My objection to tetraploid x diploid breeding is that the off- spring are most likely the end of the line for further breeding. Cym. devonianum will definitely pass on to first generation offspring its intoler- ance of salt. The hybrids will most always be subject to leaf-tip burn and occasionally have an overall ticking on the leaves. A lesser amount of second-generation hybrids may exhibit the same effect. On some occasions, this ticking of the leaves was so unsightly, the plants were destroyed even though the flowers were of high quality. If a Cym. devonianum hybrid is crossed to a second standard size flowered plant, it will likely produce plants with larger flow- ers. Each successive generation, when crossed to standard size flowered plants, will produce larger flowers until the effects of Cym. devonianum have disap- peared. This can happen in two genera- tions, but may require more. A positive trait of Cym. devonianum hybrids is first generation species hybrid vigor. Like most plants of this category, they grow and mature rapidly. As they mature, many of the hybrids will produce multiple leads, possibly with two spikes per lead, and rapidly become multi-floral specimen plants. One of the most striking features of Cym. devonianum hybrids are the lip pat- terns. The solid colored red lips are the most sought after, as in Cymbidium Touchstone ‘Mahogany’. Even when the lip is not solid coloured, they tend to be uniformly spotted or veined with red. Cym. devonianum hybrids tend to have wide lips. We have seen only one instance of a The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Cym. devonianum hybrid whose lip lacked color. That was Cym. (Olive Street x Davidia) ‘Mystique’. This flower had pure lime green segments and a snow- white lip. It was bred by Keith Andrew, but owned by Cal-Orchids, and _ first bloomed in time for the 1990 Santa Barbara International Orchid Show. The plant was given an Award of Distinction by the Cymbidium Society of America and was voted Reserve Champion of that show. A few days later the plant was shipped to Japan for tissue culture and never heard of again. There are several crosses of Cym. devo- nianum that have yielded a large quantity of awarded clones, and there are some that have yielded few or none. One explanation for this is simple. Not every cross results in the same number of seedlings or plants. Commercial nurseries may produce a large quantity of plants for sale, while amateurs may not produce many at all. I do not order or raise nearly as many plants as I used to. In the case of Cym. Bermagui, I ordered six flasks for myself and raised just over one hundred seedlings. I sold nearly half of the seedlings and bloomed approximately sixty. All of the awarded clones were in the first two dozen plants to bloom. I make a lot more crosses now, but I only order two or three final flasks of each cross. I seldom share or sell any flasks. Great care should be taken in selecting parents from Cym. devonianum. All culti- vars of the species are not equal and will not produce the same results. Many of the cultivars have flowers that have spindly and severely twisted or reflexed segments. These plants should be avoided as parents. A good parent should have flowers that have full shaped segments and nearly flat form. Conclusion Diploid hybrids of Cym. devonianum are often fertile, even as pollen parents. They do not manifest the infertility prob- lems often found with Cym. pumilum hybrids. Even some of the tetraploid x Cym. devonianum crosses have exhibited fertility. Plants from the large flowered tetraploid parents will obviously have large flowers and lack the charm of the smaller flowered plants. I believe the future of Cym. devonianum hybridizing lies with the smaller flowered plants and backcrossing them with the species and other Cym. devonianum and miniature flowered hybrids. Who knows? Someday, we may even see another miniature, pen- dant flowered Cymbidium devonianum hybrid with the elusive alba lip! Oo Grant Cole 10129 Groveland Ave. Whittier, California, 90603 USA The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 AOR177 ea & A group of three Cym. (Coraki x devonianum) seedlings flowered by Tony Velardi. The centre flower is from a colchicine treated batch of seedlings. Cym. Persuasive Miss ‘Regina’ (Carikhyber x Miss Muffet). A second generation Cym. devonianum hybrid owned by Tony Velardi. Hybridiser Geyserland Orchids DAVID KEANELLY ORCHIDS a CYMBIDIUM Q@ ORCHIDS Quality Cymbidium Mericlones for the showbench or enthusiast Telephone or Write for Catalogue 22 Emmett Street Golden Square Victoria 3555 Phone (03) 5442 4806 Mobile 0411 352 036 Email dkorchids@smartchat.net.au 55 Orchid Culture Media @ Current supplier to Valley Orchids, Adelaide Orchids and many other nurseries and hobbyists. Overseas orders welcomed. We _ respond promptly. @ Wedon’t just sell media; we use the media we make and provide sound advice. Thirty three+ years on-going laboratory experience. e@ All media freshly prepared and cover the sowing and replate requirements of common and un- usual genera including terrestrials. @ Our media produce rapid germina- tion, well balanced plants and good root growth. When ordering please advise re: Orchid genus. Replate, sowing or cloning. Solid or liquid cloning. Per Litre prices (including GST):— 1 to 4 litres $8.00/L 5 to 9 litres $7.15/L 10 to 50 litres $6.60/L 51 to 100 litres $6.35/L Over 100 litres P.O.A. For Cloning media add 55c/L Hormone Keiki Paste in 3ml tubes for stem propagation of Phalaenopsis and other genera. $8.80 per pack including P&P and GST. Price includes packing and postage, Express Post where practical in Australia for orders of four or more litres of medium. Full Laboratory Service - sowing, cloning, replating and colchicine treat- ment available. Disa Specialist:— Flasks/Plants Australian Terrestrials — Flasks Laboratory Consultancy Service Contact us for second hand Autoclaves and Laminar Flow Cabinets. Western Orchid Laboratories P.O. Box 276, Blackwood S.A. 5051 ABN 25 582 464 986 CUSTOMER ADVICE HOTLINE 24 hour phone and fax:— (08) 8270 4599 E-Mail western@arcom.com.au Bankcard * Mastercard ° Visa Please supply your name, card number and expiry date. AOR 149 56 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA VALE Joe Donald Cym. Joe Donald. t is with deep sadness that we announce the passing away of a great orchid friend, Joe Donald. Joe died on the 31st August, a few days after his 70th birthday. He started his life in Whitehaven, Cumberland (England), where he also met Margaret at school and whom, later, was to become his life long partner. Joe and Margaret came to Perth in August 1970 where Joe started work with Ansett. He was married to Margaret for 49 years and had five chil- dren and many grandchildren. Margaret purchased their first orchids in 1987 and, when Joe took over and helped her with their growing, the collection increased dramatically. During his period of orchid growing Joe achieved many milestones. Joe was President and Vice-President for Northern Districts Orchid Society over the years 1992 to 1994 and he was also a foundation member of the Cymbidium Orchid Club of WA, with many of the first committee meetings being held at Joe and Margaret’s home. Joe was on the COCWA committee for many years and was the club’s first ACS delegate. He was also one of the club’s first judges and attended two national shows where he made many new friends. As well as a term as Vice- President, and starting the beginners group, he was also given an Honorary Membership. Joe told Margaret once that he thought could do better than her at flo- ral art, whereupon he quickly went on to make good his comment by often winning prizes. He also spent a term as President of the Floral Art Society. Joe developed Motor Neurone Disease about five years ago and, toward the later years, as he became less able to work with his orchids he developed an interest in a model of his The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 home town and railway, building bridges, houses, tunnels, railway tracks and parks in their spare room. In 2002, the cross of Cym. (Coraki x John Jansma) was registered as Cym. Joe Donald. At our Spring Show this year Joe had his plant of Cym. Joe Donald ‘Always Smiling’ on show. Joe worked hard for the club, when able, and loved talking about orchids. He made many display props for the club in its initial years with his great orchid mate, Cliff Smith, who passed away shortly before him. Cliff would come up with the ideas and Joe would put it into practice so, now these two are together again, we’re sure there will be many more orchid displays. Sincere condolences to Margaret and family. | The WA orchid community. One of Joe’s floral art pieces. CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Cymbidiums at the 2004 Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular Text by Carolin Allen — Photography by Rob Smith fter speaking with a number of local Cymbidium growers around Melbourne, and observing our own plants prior to the Collectors Corner/OSCOV Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular, I believed that most cymbidi- ums were flowering at least a couple of weeks later than usual this season. By show time this proved to be the case and, due to Victoria’s extremely cold, wet and overcast winter (or perhaps it was a return to our first normal winter after many mild and dry seasons), there were not the num- bers of cymbidiums displayed at this show in comparison to recent years. Despite the lower Cymbidium numbers, those visiting the event were treated to an excellent show with many quality flowers and some strik- ing displays. The three main displays containing Cymbidiums were those of the Cymbidium Orchid Society of Victoria, Kimberley Orchids and Paradisia-Orchid World, with other cymbidiums scattered throughout the show in various club dis- play stands. All of the major prize winners among the Cymbidium classes were mem- bers of COSV, a pleasing result for that club and its members. In the interests of creating the best pos- sible visual spectacle, the rules applying to this show require that all displays incorpo- Cym. (Kelly's Winter x Royale Fare) HCC/COSV. Very large flowers clearly showing the influence of both parents in this Kimberley Orchids hybrid. COSV display as viewed from one side of this champion winning display. rate a theme element. Along with a num- ber of COSV members, I was involved in setting up that club’s display using the theme which had done so well for us a cou- ple of weeks earlier at the National Cymbidium Show in New South Wales. This time the “Cymbidiums — The Perfect Gift” theme was structured as an island display showing the flowers to best advan- tage as the plants rose tier by tier toward the centre. The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 Among the massed cymbidiums were a number of large specimen plants including Cym. Touch Of Class ‘Flamingo’, Cym. (Culpaulin x Dolly), Cym. Gleneagles “Cooksbridge’, Cym. [Pharoah’s Gold x (Music Box Dancer x Dolly)], Cym. Beautiful Dolly ‘Brilliant? and Cym. Melanie ‘Golden Girl’, all benched by Jan and Andy Leamon. David Wain exhibited his plant of Cym. Valley Olympic “Pink Perfection’ that had Cym. Kirby Lesh ‘Mirabella’ HCC/COSV. Kimberley Orchids benched this large flowered example of a well-known crossing. 57 Part of the Kimberley Orchids display. STANDARD CYMBIDIUM | SEEDLINGS IN COMMUNITY POTS Minimum order of 5 plants per cross Cym. Rumours ‘Red Globe’ Orders of $120 or more sent Freight Free, otherwise $10 for packaging and freight. Check availability by phoning 1800 999 707 EzrcRrO ORCHIDS, Proprietor: Kevin Butler 76 EVANDALE ROAD, LANDSDALE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA 6065 Tel: (08) 9343 2761 or 1800 999 707 Fax: (08) 9309 3182 E-mail: ezi-gro@iinet.com.au Home page: www.ezi-gro.com.au ji AOR159 ——— recently won Grand Champion of Show at the national two weeks earlier and was still in good enough condition to win Champion Cymbidium by a Trader for him at this show. David had obviously lav- ished much tender loving care as it sur- vived many travelling miles well. Terry Poulton had some old friends, and some new ones, on display including his Cym. Masquerade ‘Granny Smith’ and Cym. Allumination “Trus’. “Trus’ went on to win Champion Large Flowered Cymbidium. Kevin Brown exhibited his lovely Cym. Without Peer ‘Soft Touch’ which, for a third year in a row, has been successful in winning him a prize. The COSV display won Champion Display by a Specialist Society and also placed second in the Large Display sec- tion, a good result for the exhibiting mem- bers efforts. Kimberley Orchids staged an island dis- play of impressive proportions based on a garden theme incorporating garden furni- ture and, breaking with their “tradition” of cymbidiums only, included some other genera and caused a bit of a stir with some humorous comments being made in good spirit and Peter Sunderland, loyal to his beloved cymbidiums, wryly “blaming” the girls for cluttering up his display. However, the additional “clutter” obvi- Cym. Kimberley Winter ‘Bairnsdale’ HCC/COSV owned by Phil Grech. 58 The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 é 4 a is Cym. Blazing F ously did no harm as Kimberley Orchids won Champion Commercial Display. Along with the cymbidiums winning plenty of individual prizes, one of the other genera was also a winner (keep an eye out for another article about this in a future issue of Australian Orchid Review <wink>). Paradisia-Orchid World’s display fea- tured only pendulous cymbidiums, many of them of specimen size, using the exoti- cally themed title of “The Hanging Gardens of Paradisia’”. As might be expected in a display of pendulous plants, for which Paradisia are well known, miniature and intermediate sized blooms dominated. Numerous Cym. Little Sarah Cym. Fair Delight ‘Polar Bear’ AM/COSV owned by Kimberley Orchids. ury CE-DF/COSV owned by Kimberley Orchids. Cym. Valley Winter Ultimate AM/COSV, CE-OC/COSV, CE-SFD/COSV. Paul Latina’s spectacular flowering which won Grand Champion, Champion Medium Cymbidium and Champion Specimen. Cym. Wallamurra ‘Ninja Warrior’ CE-DF/COSV. A mutated variation of the jemons old Cym. Wallamurra, and another well grown exhibit from Phil Grech. The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 59 CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA varieties featured among other eye-catch- ers such as Cym. (Sarah Jean x pumilum), Cym. (Bulbarrow x Janis Lin), a flowering seedling of Cym. Gladys Whitesell, and a striking specimen plant of Cym. Sarah Jean ‘Helen’ — this particular plant being a rich reddish-brown with a heavily marked labellum from making the cross with the type form of Cym. pumilum instead of Cym. pumilum ‘Album’. Many Cymbidium club members are also members of other orchid clubs too, and a number of quality cymbidiums were exhibited in the displays by multi-genera clubs. Among the rural Victorian clubs, noted as home to some _ excellent Cymbidium growers, Paul Latina of the Gippsland Orchid Club won Champion Orchid of the Show, Champion Medium Flowered Cymbidium and Champion Specimen with his superbly grown and presented Cym. Valley Winter ‘Ultimate’. Also displayed on the same stand were Phil Grech’s Cym. Sarah Jean ‘Jennifer’, the Champion Small Flowered Type, and Cym. Kimberley Winter ‘Bairnsdale’, the winner of the Champion Seedling Shown for the First Time section. Following the completion of the OSCOV judging of the show, the COSV 60 FOXFIRE OKCHIDS Write, phone, fax or e-mail us for your free copy of our current catalogue. The next generation of cymbidium seedlings including the latest in pure colour tetraploid development replated to order from available catalogue stock. Also from available catalogue stock a limited range of exhibition catileya seedlings replated to order. P.O. Box 639, Gosford, N.S.W. 2250 Phone/Fax: (02) 4374 1353 Email: foxfireorchids@optusnet.com.au Cym. Kimberley Winter ‘MB’ AM/COSV. Another fine example of this successful crossing, made, grown and shown by Kimberley Orchids. judges then formed a panel for the pur- poses of COSV award judging a number of nominated plants. The plants successfully Cym. (Cronulla x Coraki Gold) HCC/COSV. Another fine seedling from Kimberley Orchids. receiving COSV awards are listed below: Cym. Valley Winter ‘Ultimate’ AM/COSV, CE-OC/COSV, CE- SFD/COSV- Paul Latina. Cym. Kimberley Winter ‘MB’ AM/COSV — Kimberley Orchids. Cym. Fair Delight ‘Polar Bear’ AM/COSV -— Kimberley Orchids. Cym. (Kelly’s Winter x Royale Fare) HCC/COSV — Kimberley Orchids. Cym. (Cronulla x Coraki Gold) “Winter Sunset? HCC/COSV -_ Kimberley Orchids. Cym. Kirby Lesh ‘Mirabella’ HCC/COSV — Kimberley Orchids. Cym. Kimberley Winter ‘Bairnsdale’ HCC/COSV — Phil Grech. Cym. Sarah Jean ‘Helen’ HCC/COSV — Paradisia-Orchid World. Cym. Allumination “Trus’ HCC/COSV — Terry Poulton. Cym. Blazing Fury CE-DF/COSV — Kimberley Orchids. Cym. Tepko ‘Freckles’ CE-DF/COSV — Jan and Andy Leamon. Cym. Wallamurra ‘Ninja Warrior’ CE- DF/COSV — Phil Grech. Despite the cold and damp Victorian winter, cymbidiums of great quality and beauty still managed to impress among the other orchid genera in what has become one of the outstanding annual orchid shows in world terms --The Melbourne International Orchid Spectacular. | Carolin Allen 18 Wootten Crescent Langwarrin, VIC 3910. The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 ming A CYMBIDIUMS AUSTRALIA Orchid Fever By Graham Clark It was just one little cymbid so pretty there to see a dainty little thing a gift from family When I saw it sitting there I said, “It looks lonely hon to keep it company we better get another one” This was all it took a simple little start an innocent beginning now a yearning in my heart Then my elder sister she turned up one day with two more lovely orchids which she said were here to stay Then she dropped a bombshell told us of an auction soon with her treasured orchid club which turned out to be our doom And when we went along we could not believe our eyes all the plants were sold for pittance terrific little buys But when we saw the prices I said, “Hon let’s buy a heap and when they all have flowered all the better ones we’ll keep” When all the plants arrived at their brand new home I said; “Hon I'd better build their own little comfort zone” That was when I started building and to you I have to say that I haven’t finished yet I’m still building to this day I love the sales benches with their specials as they are but those mail order catalogues are the very best by far We love to visit nurseries where you see the plants in flower it’s a special place to be staying hour after hour The auctions keep on coming they happen all the time and the plants are still quite cheap and they’re a favourite of mine Our collection keeps on growing it gets bigger every year but it’s gunna keep on going and of that there is no fear Our yard it keeps on shrinking as the buildings they increase but it seems to me worthwhile as the tensions they decrease All the medical journals do not show it if you please but for those of you that have it you will know it’s a disease They call it Orchid Fever and if you ever stopped and looked you’ ll know you can not give it up because you’re well and truly hooked How many of you out there remember your first plant I bet you didn’t know then of the anguish it would grant They should post a legal warning with every orchid sold “These can be addictive” and make it BIG AND BOLD You can keep your ribbons and your sashes and the like we simply bench to share our beauty the other things can take a hike To me the greatest pleasure is to bench a plant we’ ve grown and to hear the voice of others to say they wish it was their own But the friends that we have made and the help along the way makes for very special moments these memories will always stay But I love the sheer beauty and the pleasure every day ask me to give it up mate “No way” The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 How YOUR COMPUTER CAN HELP YOUR WINDOWSILL If your sunny windowsill is lonely and in need of something green and flowery, log on now to the American Orchid Society’s very popular Web site — Orchid Web® — for helpful and exten- sive tips on orchid growing. Enjoy inspiring color photographs, a calen- dar of orchid events and other helpful orchid advice. Orchid Forum, devel- oped as an information exchange plat- form, is visited regularly by novice and advanced growers throughout the world. Founded in 1921, the AOS is the world’s number-one orchid-information source — just ask 30,000 members worldwide. On-site membership appli- cation is available along with conve- nient, secured shopping in The AOS BookShop and Orchid Emporium. American Orchid Society Department AORMAG 16700 AOS Lane Delray Beach, Florida 33446-4351 Telephone 561-404-2000 Fax 561-404-2100 E-mail TheAOS@aos.org Web site orchidweb.org AmOrcSoc SHOW DATES DATE TIME SEASON ORCHID SOCIETY SHOW ADDRESS New South Wales 16-17 October 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Gosford & Gosford Racecourse (Orchidfest) District Cnr. Pacific Highway and Racecourse Road, Gosford 21-24 October Shopping Centre Spring Western Suburbs Rockdale Plaza Hours No. 1 Rockdale Plaza Drive, Rockdale 28-30 October Shopping Centre Spring Northern Rivers Lismore Shopping Centre Hours Orchid species McKenzie Street, Lismore Queensland 16 October 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Boonah Boonah High School 17 October 9.00am-3.00pm Macquarie Street, Boonah 16-17 October 9.00am-5.00pm Spring (Sarcochilus Native of Walsh’s Seeds & Gardens Festival) Toowoomba 881 Ruthven Street, Toowoomba 21 October Shopping Centre Spring Gladstone Orchid Valley Shopping Centre, Hours & Foliage Goondoon Street Gladstone 21 October 8.30am-9.00am Spring Southport & Stockland Shopping Centre 22 October 8.30am-5.30pm Districts Burleigh Heads 23 October 8.30am-4.00pm 25-27 October 9.30am-4.00pm Spring Redcliffe Redcliffe City Library 28-October 9.30am-8.00pm District Oxley Avenue 29 October 9.30am-5.00pm Redcliffe 30 October 9.30am-4.30pm 11-13 November Shopping Centre Spring Gold Coast Treetops Plaza Hours Classic Way, Burleigh Waters 13 November 8.00am-5.00pm Spring Pumicestone District Ningi Community Hall 14 November 8.00am-2.00pm Orchid & Foliage Plant Bribie Island Road, Ningi Victoria 15 October 2.00pm-5.00pm Spring Ballarat Horticultural Centre 16 October 10.00am-5.00pm Gillies Street 17 October 10.00am-4.00pm Ballarat 16 October 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Cobden & District Cobden Civic Hall 17 October 9.00am-3.00pm Orchid Club Victoria Street, Cobden 16 October 9.00am-4.00pm Spring Yarra Valley Seville Hall 17 October 10.00am-4.00pm Warburton Highway, Seville 22-23 October 10.00am-5.00pm Spring Ararat Ararat Town Hall 24 October 10.00am-4.00pm Ararat 6-7 November 10.00am-4.00pm Spring Australasian The Masonic Centre 13-14 November 9.00am-5.00pm (Sarcochilus Show) Summer (Sarcochilus Show) Native (Geelong Group) Maribyrnong Regent Street, Belmont, Geelong Maribyrnong Community Centre Randall Street, Maribyrnong The Australian Orchid Review,October/November 2004 Australian Orchid Review EDITOR: David P. Banks, E-mail: dpobanks@ozemail.com.au EDITORIAL COMMITTEE: D. P. Banks, lan Chalmers, Alan Merriman and Darryl Smedley ADDRESS EDITORIAL TO: The Editor, Australian Orchid Review, 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049 Australia Phone: (02) 9560 6166. Fax: (02) 9560 6677 Email: aor@graphicworld.com.au EDITORIAL ASSOCIATES: Australia: Queensland: Alan Alvis, 36 Parklands Road, Calamvale 4116. lan Kubler, 10 Eucalyptus Street, Boondall, 4034 Frank Oelkers, 419 Robinson Road, Geebung 4034 North Queensland: Ray Robinson, 23 Canara Street, Cranbrook 4814 Victoria: Alan Hope, 14 Leonard Street, Deepdene 3103 Brian Milligan, 35 Tannock Street, North Balwyn 3104 New Zealand: Graham Letts, 41 Elliffe Place, Andersons Bay, Dunedin, New Zealand Phone (03) 4542113 North America: Robert Hamilton, 2439 Woolsey Street, Berkeley, CA 94705, United States of America Europe: Rudolf Jenny, Moosweg 9, 3112 Allmendingen, Switzerland The Official Publication of the Orchid Society of New South Wales, the Victorian Orchid Club and the Australian Cymbidium Society. TO JOIN AN ORCHID SOCIETY contact these secretaries: NSW: Leo Gleeson, P.O. Box 333, Beverly Hills 2209 Phone: (02) 9759 5948 Email: osnsworchids@yahoo.com QUEENSLAND: Maree Illingworth, P.O. Box 126BC Brown Plains 4118 Phone: (07) 3800 3213 Email: rmillingworth@uq.net.au VICTORIA: Diane Sharam, 1 Tynan Street, West Preston, 3072 Phone: (03) 9478 9764 VICTORIA: Fred Stewart, 26 Bryson Grove, Lower Templestowe 3107 Phone: (03) 9850 6185 Email: fred@blaze.net.au SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Coralie Hills, G.P.O. Box 730, Adelaide 5001 Phone: (08) 8721 3213 WESTERN AUSTRALIA: R. McGrath, P.O. Box 58, Como 6152 Phone: (08) 9367 9306 TASMANIA: Jan Dicker, G.P.O. Box 467, Hobart 7001 Phone: (03) 6247 9636 NORTHERN TERRITORY: Tammie Coyne, P.O. Box 38493, Winnellie 0821 Published and printed by GRAPHIC WORLD ABN. 27 003714967 14 McGill Street, Lewisham, NSW 2049 Australia. Phone: (02) 9560 6166 Fax: (02) 9560 6677 While the Proprietors of the Australian Orchid Review endeavour to assure the reliability of advertising and editorial, neither the Proprietor of the “Australian Orchid Review” nor the Editor and the affiliated Orchid Societies can assume responsibility for the advice or transaction between advertisers and readers. The opinions and recommendations that may appear in this publication regarding the selection and use of specific plant-care products, including but not limited to pesticides, fungicides and herbicides, are those of the individual authors, and not those of the Australian Orchid Review, which neither adopts nor endorses such opinions and recommendations and disclaims all responsi- bility for them. When selecting and using such products, readers should seek and obtain the advice of the manufacturer and of responsible government departments. BUYER’S GUIDE ‘ ADVERTISERS INDEX American Orchid Society..........:ssccsssssssseseseeeeees 61 patter mitats rubriastarrisreeereteenes 40 Australian Shade Wholesalers Ltd...........:..00 38 Aranbeem Orchids .......ccscsesseseeeesesseesssteeeeseees Brewster, D&P......... B &T Ferns and Orchids Burleigh Park Orchid Nursery .........:cceseeeeeeee 40 Gampbell¥Colintnmensmtrrntrentitrsr test 52 GedarvalelOrchidsperssrrnresrecssrsrrstrrn net rerer st 37 Cymbidium Society of America ...........ceeeee 49 DarkiStanOrchidstessmsssmrntnerrtrrntsrr tte 25, 38 David Keanelly Orchids... Dendi}Orchids p= ean Seen ee roan 39 DUrallOrchids Seevrressstrmenteeteeerreeer neers 49 Easy Orchids (NSW) ........csesssseesesessseseseeeeeseees 24 EasyiOrchids!(SA)Remrnnsnimennsrrtnnrrrnrirnt 52 Ezi:Gro,OrchidSkexss erie etnies 58 Foxfire Orchids... ...60 Florafest Orchids 38 Glenwood Orchids.. 48 Hills District Orchids 36 Jeff, Verna............. 40 Juvelle Jewellery 36 K & H Orchids .... 37 Lifestyle Botanics 52 Miriam Ann Orchids 48 Mt Beenak Orchids......... ..40 Newmarket Hardware Orchidaceous BookS..........:cce0e0 Orchid Pot Company, The.........ccccccscessssssseeeeeeees 3 Orchid Review, The ..........cccceeeeeeee nih’) OrchadianshGierenrssttsreste rere col Peter Chiles Orchids ..........cceeeeeeeeeeee rt? Peter’s Glen Shade Houses .................. 40 Pis'RlOrchids ee eee ee 2 RobertSOniOrchids mrmenesearrre tnt 38 SchaefersiOrchidsmrsestantsettererssteareeretn 52 Smokey Cape Orchids ......ecesessesessseseseseseeees 39 Springfield Orchids sssssssscescsssersesecescesrss 48 TOMIBUrIanLOrchidSmesmrstertartere err 48 WiaeeOSNC Saree rime 17 ValleyiOrchiOSiesretteesenseteteesttenreertertrettrerts: 38 Western Orchid Laboratories ............:.:0:0000 22, 56 Buy, sell or swap. Five lines (approximately thirty words) for only $30, each additional line (approximately six words) $4 {includes GST). AUSSIE BARK & PEAT can now be obtained on the South Coast. Grades vary from seedling to coarse. Contact: Derrick Taylor, 14 Marlo Street, Towradgi NSW 2518. Phone (02) 4284 3641. Give it a go mate! ORCHID & HORTICULTURAL COURSES, DISTANCE EDUCATION — Internationally Accredited Short Courses, Certificates, Diplomas. Over 300 courses including Cut Flower Orchids, Hydroponics, Tissue Culture, Nursery, Plant Varieties, Landscaping etc. FREE handbook: Phone 0755 304 855 or 03 9736 1882. Website: www.acs.edu.au or PO Box 2092, Nerang MC, Qld 4211. ORCHID EVENTS—WHAT’S ON! : 2004 ORCHID EVENTS October 23 — Orchids SPECIES (NSW) Auction — West Pennant Hills, NSW November 6-7 — Tweed Orchid Fair — Tweed Heads, New South Wales PLUS NOTE THESE DATECLAIMERS 11-20 March 2005 — World Orchid Conference, Dijon, France www.woc2005.org 10-12 June 2005 - _ Tropical Queensland Orchid Council Conference, Mackay, Qld 1-4 September 2005 — NZ Orchids Expo, Hamilton, New Zealand 13-19 September 2005 — Western Australia Orchid Spectacular, WA 21-24 July 2006 — Australian Orchid Conference, Port Macquarie, NSW The Australian Orchid Review, October/November 2004 63